Abstract:
Background: Chloroquine is an anti-malarial drug being used to treat Plasmodium vivax malaria cases in Ethiopia.
However, emergence of chloroquine resistant strains of the parasite has challenged the current efficacy of the
drug. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of chloroquine against P. vivax strains in one
of the malaria endemic areas of Ethiopia, namely Halaba district, located in South Nations and Nationalities Peoples
Region (SNNPR) of South Ethiopia
Results: Among 87 malaria patients enrolled in the study, only 80 of them completed the 28-days follow-up.
Seven of them dropped from the study for different reasons. Among those study participants that completed their
follow-up, 69 were classified under the category of adequate clinical and parasitological response (ACPR). However,
the remaining 11 cases were considered as under treatment failure mainly due to recurrence of parasitemia on day
7 (four patients), day 14 (six patients), and day 21 (one patient). The age of all cases of treatment failures was
found to be less than 20 years. The load of parasitemia of patients with treatment failure on day of admission
(4709.4/μl) was higher than day of recurrence (372.37/μl). Parasite reduction ratio (PRR) of treatment failure cases
was 12.6/μl.
Conclusion: This report revealed the rise in treatment failure (13% [95% CI = 0.074 - 0.217]) as compared to earlier
reports from Ethiopia. It signals the spreading of chloroquine resistant P. vivax (CRPv) strains to malaria endemic
areas of Ethiopia. It is recommended that all concerned bodies should act aggressively before further expansion of
the current drug resistant malaria.
