Abstract:
develop appropriate control strategies. Therefore, we conducted this study to assess the drug resistance pattern of
M. tuberculosis complex (MTBC) isolates and associated factors among re-treatment cases in Jimma area, Southwest
Ethiopia.
Methods: Health facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted between March 2012 and April 2013 in Jimma
area, Southwest Ethiopia. We included 79 re-treatment cases selected conveniently. Socio demographic and clinical
data were collected using structured questionnaire. Sputum sample processing, mycobacterial culture, isolation and
drug susceptibility testing (DST) were done at Mycobacteriology Research Centre (MRC) of Jimma University. All
data were registered and entered in to SPSS version 20. Crude odds ratio (COR) and adjusted odds ratios (AOR)
were calculated. P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Results: Seventy-nine re-treatment cases included in the study; 48 (60.8 %) were males. Forty- seven (59.5 %) study
participants were from rural area with the mean age of 31.67 ± 10.02 SD. DST results were available for 70 MTBC
isolates. Majority (58.6 % (41/70)) isolates were resistant to at least one of the four first line drugs. The prevalence of
multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) was 31.4 % (22/70). Place of residence (AOR = 3.44 (95 % CI: 1.12, 10.60), duration of
illness (AOR = 3.00 (95 % CI: 1.17, 10.69) and frequency of prior TB therapy (AOR = 2.99, (95 % CI: 1.01, 8.86) were
significant factors for any drug resistance. Moreover, history of treatment failure was found to be associated with
MDR-TB (AOR = 3.43 (95 % CI: 1.14, 10.28).
Conclusion: The overall prevalence of MDR-TB among re-treatment cases around Jimma was high. The rate of
MDR-TB was higher in patients with the history of anti-TB treatment failure. Timely identification and referral of
patients with the history of treatment failure for culture and DST need to be strengthened.
