Abstract:
Background: The cervix is the lower portion of the uterus which connects this organ to the
vagina through the endocervical canal. Due to the susceptibility of the epithelium of the cervical
transformation zone to infection by oncogenic human papilloma virus (HPV), diseases of the
cervix account for a burden of morbidity and mortality that is disproportionate to its size. Despite
the introduction of cervical screening programs, cancer of the cervix remains one of the most
common cancers.
Objective: The objective of this study was to determine histopathological patterns of cervical
lesions, seen at pathology department of Jimma university medical center, from 12thSeptember
2018 to 11thSeptember 2019.
Methods: Data was collected from 469 eligible biopsies reports of cervical lesions and then
cleaned, coded and entered into Epidata v3.1 and exported to SPSS version 26 for analysis. Cross
tabulation, chi square test and logistic regression with multivariate analysis were done to look for
associations between the study variables. Those variables with a P-value <0.25 in a binary
logistic regression were recruited for multivariable logistic regressions. The findings were
presented using text, tables and charts.
Result: In this study, cervical cancer was the most common (71%) cause of cervical lesions that
submitted for histopathologic diagnosis with the peak age of incidence in 4th and 5th decades.
Squamous cell carcinoma was the most frequent cervical cancer diagnosed during the study
period accounting for 95.8% of 333 cancerous cases followed by adenocarcinoma (3.3%) and
carcinoma insitu (0.6%). High grade squamous intraepithelial lesion was the most frequently
diagnosed precancerous lesion accounting for 67.5% cases.Endocervical polyp was the most
commonly diagnosed benign lesion accounting for 59.3% cases.Age and residency were the most
statistically significant predictors of cervical cancer.
Conclusion: The Maximum age distribution of cervical lesions was in 41-50 years age range.
Most cervical lesions were Precancerous and cancerous cervical lesions. Squamous cell
carcinoma was the most frequent cervical cancer. High grade squamous intraepithelial lesion was
the most frequently diagnosed precancerous cervical lesion. Endocervical polyp was the most
commonly diagnosed benign cervical lesion.
