Abstract:
In this work the binding energy per nucleon of isotopes with nucleon number less or equal
to twenty, i.e for those isotopes which lie inside or near to the second closed shell has
been calculated. The objectives of the calculation were to check the behavior of binding
energy per nucleon near stable nuclei and to find a mechanism on how the binding energy
per nucleon calculation could be used to predict the nuclear stability for other isotopes.
In the calculation the method of liquid drop model and BeteWeiszaker formula has been
employed. By putting the values for each parameter in the formula the binding energy pernucleon for 100 isotopes has been calculated. The method was validated by comparing
the calculated values with experimental values in literature for some of the isotopes at
the beginning of the calculation. The method was acceptable with an error below 10%.
The result of the calculation were presented in tables and graphs. From the result we
have seen that if an isotope is containing even proton and even neutron numbers it has
higher binding energy per nucleon than its neighboring isotopes and if it contains odd
number of protons and odd number of neutrons then it has lower binding energy per
nucleon compared to its neighbors. If an isotone is containing nucleon numbers such that
the absolute of neutron excess attains its minimum then the isotope has larger value of
binding energy per nucleon than the other. If the symmetric term is increasing the binding
energy per nucleon decreases if the symmetric term is decreasing the binding energy per
nucleon increases in the isotones. This is because of the cumulative effect of nucleon
symmetricity and the coulomb repulsion. Generally compared with data from literature
those isotopes with higher value of binding per nucleon are better stable than those having
lower values.
