Ophthalmology

Causes of visual impairment and blindness in children Attending jimma university medical center, department of Ophthalmology, southwest Ethiopia

2025-10-03T08:46:46Z

Causes of visual impairment and blindness in children Attending jimma university medical center, department of Ophthalmology, southwest Ethiopia Petros Desalegn Erbeto; Segni Jelkeba; Kumale Tolesa; Sufa Adugna Background: Visual impairment and blindness in childhood represents significant public health challenges.Prevalence and causes of childhood blindness vary between countries and over time, and influenced by socioeconomic and cultural factors and the availability of primary health care and eye care services. However there is limited evidence on the magnitude and causes of visual impairment and blindness in our setup. Objectives: To assess the causes of visual impairment and blindness in children visiting Jimma University Medical Center, Ophthalmology Department, Southwest of Ethiopia. Method: Hospital based retrospective study was conducted. A 3 years’ retrospective chart review was done for the visits from September 1st 2021 to August 31st 2024.All children who visited during the specified study period were included. A pretested, structured questionnaire was utilized for data collection. The data were coded and entered into Epidata 3.1, and subsequently exported to SPSS version 27 for statistical analysis. Descriptive analysis was performed, with results presented in tables and graphs. Result: A total of 2,129 children visited the JUMC, Department of Ophthalmology, POSC over three years .Of these, 254 children (11.9%) presented with a visual acuity of less than 6/12 in one or both eyes. Out of the total 2,129 children, 143 (6.7%) and 60 (2.8%) had VI and blindness respectively. Most children had onset of the vision loss between 1 to 15 years (76.9%).The most common anatomical sites associated with vision impairment and blindness were the normal globe (n=60, 41.9%) and the lens (n=46, 32.2%). Regarding specific conditions, refractive error (37.7%) and cataract (31.5%) were the most common. The major etiologies were predominantly linked to childhood factors (53.1%).The majority of the cases (86.7%) were considered to be potentially avoidable. Trauma (46.9%) was identified as the most common cause of uniocular vision loss in children less than 16 years of age. Conclusion: This study revealed a high prevalence of childhood visual impairment and blindness .The most common anatomic site was normal globe and the lens. Refractive errors and cataracts were the most common causes. Majority of the cases had potentially avoidable causes. Trauma was the most common cause of unilateral vision loss.

Surgically induced corneal astigmatism and associated Factors after small incision cataract surgery at jimma University medical center department of ophthalmology, Ethiopia

2025-10-01T12:34:39Z

Surgically induced corneal astigmatism and associated Factors after small incision cataract surgery at jimma University medical center department of ophthalmology, Ethiopia Aklilu Samuel; Sisay Bekele; Jemal Mohammed; Jafer Kedir Cataracts are the primary cause of blindness in the world. Manual Small Incision Cataract Surgery (MSICS) is a commonly used method for cataract surgery, especially in countries with limited resources, delivering impressive visual results without requiring advanced technology. However, a major post-operative issue is the emergence of surgically induced astigmatism (SIA), which can affect visual results and patient satisfaction. Therefore, evaluating SIA and its related factors following MSICS is essential. Objective This study aimed to determine the magnitude and associated factors of surgically induced astigmatism after MSICS at JUMC Department of Ophthalmology from November 2024 to January 2025. Method A prospective cross sectional study design was conducted at JUMC department of ophthalmology from November 2024 to January 2025 on patients undergoing MSICS. By using Consecutive sampling technique data was collected by questioner during preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative period. SIA was calculated using hills SIA calculator version 2.1. The collected data was analysed using SPSS version 26 and univariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to identify associated factors of SIA. RESULT A total of 222 eyes of 193 individuals were studied. The centroid SIA and Aithmethic mean SIA of the study was 1.31D x 5o axis and 2.08 + 1.26D respectively. SIA ranged from 0.13D to 5.65D. Scleral incision length and shape of scleral incisions were major associated factors of SIA from multivariate logistic regression analysis. Conclusion and recommendation Scleral incision length <7mm and frown shaped scleral incisions resulted in lower SIA magnitude. It is recommended to measure the scleral incision length with caliper to minimize SIA in the center.

Trabeculectomy outcomes among patients with Glaucoma at Jimma university medical center department of ophthalmology from 2020 to 2023 in Jimma, Ethiopia

2024-03-01T08:54:32Z

Trabeculectomy outcomes among patients with Glaucoma at Jimma university medical center department of ophthalmology from 2020 to 2023 in Jimma, Ethiopia Elias, Tadesse; Dr. Dagmawit, Kifle; Dr. Sufa, Adugna Glaucoma is the second most common cause of blindness and has been the burden of the health sector for the past few years with its vision- and life-related threats. The presentation can be different based on its stage, and the most common means of treatment is medical, though surgical treatment like trabeculectomy can also be the best alternative with different indications that lead to variable success rates. Objectives The purpose of the study is to present the outcome of trabeculectomy at Jimma University Medical Center and its intraoperative and postoperative complications. Method A hospital-based, retrospective analytic study was conducted among patients who had undergone trabeculectomy in 2020–2023. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data, which was coded and entered into epidata and then exported to SPSS version 27 for statistical analysis. A descriptive statistical analysis, cross tabulations, linear logistic regression, chi-square test, and Fisher exact test were performed. P < 0.05 is considered statistically significant. Result A total of 79 patients were studied, with a mean age of 54.2 years and a male-to-female ratio of nearly 4:1. In this study, 30 (38%) surgeries were done by glaucoma surgeons, 39 (49.4%) of them by general ophthalmologists, and 10 (12.7%) of them by residents. In all cases, MMC was used, and in 43 (54.4%) of cases, MMC was soaked in subconjunctiva space, and in 36 (45.6%) of cases, MMC was given a subconjunctiva injection. Preoperatively, the mean IOP was 30.72 ± 10.941 mmHg, and the mean postoperative IOP at least six months after surgery was reduced to 12.68 mmHg ± 5.360 mmHg, p = 0.001. The preoperative mean VA was 0.11 ± 0.165, and the mean VA postoperatively at six months was 0.103 ± 0.112, p = 0.048. Complete success was found to be 83.5%, qualified success was 3.8%, failure was seen in 11.4%, and hypotony in 1.3%. The overall success (both complete and qualified success) was 88.5% based on IOP. Conclusion and Recommendation Based on the IOP level, the success rate of trabeculectomy after six months of the surgery was 87.3%, which is good. The mean preoperative VA was dropped by one line, and there was a significant improvement in IOP six months after surgery. To explore predictors for surgical failure and increase efficacy, it is better to assess a long-term multicenter prospective follow-up study regarding the outcome of trabeculectomy

Clinical Profile And Associated Risk Factors Of Retinal Vascular Occlusion In Patients Attending Retina Clinic, Departement Of Ophthalmology Of Jumc From

2024-03-01T08:34:01Z

Clinical Profile And Associated Risk Factors Of Retinal Vascular Occlusion In Patients Attending Retina Clinic, Departement Of Ophthalmology Of Jumc From Victoria D., Gelmessa; Dr Sisay, Bekele; Dr Sagni, Jelkeba Background: Acute retinal vascular occlusions are common causes of visual loss and are mostly associated with advanced age, cardiovascular risk factors like hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia. Globally, millions of individuals are affected with various degrees of visual outcomes. These cardiovascular risk factors are dramatically increasing in our country(1). However, we don’t know whether the burden of retinal vascular occlusion parallels these risk fa ctors. Objective: The study aims to determine the clinical profile of retinal vascular occlusion (both arterial and venous) and associated risk factors. Methodology: A facility based a case control study was carried out from JAN 2021 to DEC 2022 among patients visiting retina clinic of JUMC. A total of 78 patient with retinal vascular occlusion was identified. 156 control patient was identified by age sex matching with 1:2 ratio. Data was collected using a pretested structured questionnaire. Bivariable logistic regression was done, and variables with p-value less than 0.25 in the bivariate analysis was entered to multivariable logistic regression model to identify independent predictors and the magnitude of association between the different variables in relation to the outcome variable was measured by adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). A P-value less than 0.05 at 95% CI as cut of point was used to declare the observed association is statistically significant. Results: Retinal vascular occlusion constitute 4.99% of vitreo-retinal cases. Majority of retinal vascular occlusions identified were retinal venous occlusion 76 (97.4%). CRVO constitute majority of retinal venous occlusion 41 (53.9%), followed by BRVO 32(42.1%) and HRVO 3(4%). Hypertension was the commonest risk factor seen in 51(65.4%) patients, AOR (39.0), P value <0.001, CI 15.77-96.81, followed by glaucoma 22(28.2%), AOR (2.66), CI (1.132-6.262). Thirty five (44.9%) had complication at the time of presentation. The commonest complication encountered was macular edema 21(60%) followed by neovascularization 9(25.7%). Fifty eight (74.36%) were males and mean age was 60±14 years. Forty nine (62.8%) were legally blind. mean Duration of presentation was 50.84±35 weeks. Conclusion: Majority of patients affected by retinal vascular occlusion were males, RVO being the most predominant type. Hypertension and glaucoma are the identified risk factors with clinically significant association. Most patients had delayed presentation with complications and irreversible blindness.