https://repository.ju.edu.et//handle/123456789/125 2026-04-24T07:32:35Z https://repository.ju.edu.et//handle/123456789/9810 A History of Gidole Town from Foundation to 1991, Southern Ethiopia Yohannes Damene; Yonas Seifu; Hailu Gelana This thesis investigates a history of Gidole Town from foundation to 1991. Gidole is located in the Southern Ethiopia particularly in Dirashe Woreda. For this study, primary and secondary sources were consulted. Collected sources were critically evaluated, and historical facts were analyzed qualitatively through chronological analysis and presented in written form. The finding indicates that, as a result of Dirashe’s incorporation into the Ethiopian empire, its people encountered many new things. Before Gidole town was founded, Emperor Menelike’s II soldiers garrisoned in Horma Qa’alo Mountain. Later, it was renamed “Gardulla Town” in the 1890s, and it served as an administrative and trade center for a long time. But during the Italian occupation (1936–1941), they arrived in Gardulla town in June 1936 and bombarded the town. Because Italians assumed the town was a source of food, water, and an information channel for patriots. Instead, they founded a new Gidole town two kilometres away from Gardulla town in the 1936. The main factor in its foundation was that it was chosen as a defense camp for the Italians and the suitable climate of the area. During the Italian's stay in Gidole town, both positive and negative changes were seen. From 1941 to 1974, government and private organizations were established in Gidole, which made the town the center of Gamo Gofa Province (Tekilay Gizat). As a result, trade and the establishment of social services are better than before. The establishment of memorial monuments for Gardulla Patriots and the foundation of various government and private associations in town had a significant effect on the growth and expansion of the town. Post 1974 marked the end of the old feudal system with the socialist ideology that liberated gabbars from the feudal yoke in Ethiopia in general and in Gidole in particular. Illiteracy, the traditional evil practice of Hada and Sohaya, was abolished. The amalgamation of craftsmen (Hauddah) with other social classes and urban cooperative association was another change. The development of Peopling, ethnic interaction and municipal administration and revenue in Gidole town was another development. Finally, the Growth and expansion of religious institutions and social services in the town was boldly reflected in the period we investigated to 1991. 2024-04-27T00:00:00Z https://repository.ju.edu.et//handle/123456789/9147 A RELIGIOUS HISTORY OF THE KINGDOM OF GUMMA, SOUTHWEST ETHIOPIA WASIHUN, ANTENEH Abstract The thesis deals with the religious history of the kingdom of Gumma from ca.1800 to 1991. Attempts have been made to unearth a history of the three major religions, namely the Oromo traditional religion (waaqqeffanna), Islam and Christianity. Apparently the native religion practiced in the kingdom of Gumma as in other Oromo regions was waqqeffanna, which is based on belief of one waaqa tokkicha or waaqaaguraacha, the Gumma Oromo perceive that the color of waaqa is black. According to Gumma Oromo traditional religion the term Waaqa has two different meanings, the first meaning refers to the sky which stands without pillars and the second meaning denotes a creator of everything’s on the earth. Qaaluu was a spiritual leader who was a high priest of the Oromo traditional religion possessed by Ayana. A number of Qaaluus have existed in the kingdom of Gumma. The second major religion and of course the dominant religion in the Gibe region nowadays is Islam. Muslim merchants and sheikhs had played a pivotal role in the introduction of Islam to the kingdom. It is apparent that the kings of Gumma played a great role in the expansion of Islam in their kingdom. Apparently the Muslim teachers and preachers did not successfully spread the religion to the common people had it not been for the consent of the kings of Gumma. Christianity is the third major religion prevailed in the kingdom of Gumma. Most probably its introduction to the region dates back to the time of Ennäryä. It seems that the kingdom of Ennãryã was converted to Christianity during the time of Sarsa Dengel (1563-1597. Evangelical Christianity has been introduced to the region recently .But individuals from the Gumma kingdom especially those who were sold as slaves during the19th century played the role of champion in Bible translation project. Roofu was the first Gumma Oromo who began the Bible translation project. In doing so, he laid foundation for Onesimos and Aster, who came to the scene after one generation. Christian Roofu of the kingdom of Gumma had received different failed of studies under local teachers, such as Geopraphy, Mathematics and Theology, Relevant historical methodology was employed to carry out this study.For instance, Oral informants found in four woredas (that constituted the foremer Gumma territories) were interviwed to get reliable information and the oral information was crosschecked with available written sources. 2018-06-13T00:00:00Z https://repository.ju.edu.et//handle/123456789/9065 A history of dandi district, west shewa (1941-1991) Terefe Girmaye Abdane; Deressa Debu; Naol Getachew The objective of this thesis is reconstructing the major historical developments in Dandi District, West Shewa 1941-1991in areas of economic, political, social, and cultural aspects.The need to look back at the historical background of the history of Dandi is very crucial. On the one hand, the area has long history in different administrative system; still the attention or concern givenby scholars and researchers to the subjects are very little or low. As a result, it was conducted to examine the major historical developments in the district in case of historical background of the people of the area, economic, social and cultural information’s in the district. The study covers the time from the liberation of Ethiopia and the restoration of Emperor Hailä Selasié I to power in 1941 until the removal of Därg government in 1991, in which the inhabitants of the District like the other country side peoples of Oromia region and West Shewa observed important socio-economic and political developments. It begins with the historical study of the district by revealing different developments in the district before the Italian occupation. Besides this, the study outlines the rule of the Italians in the district, in pre-1941 period. It deals with the restoration of the imperial administration and the reforms that were introduced by Emperor Hailä Selasié I in various fields in relation with the administration and land related issues and the importance of the reforms to the people of the district will be the main area of concern. It also outlines taxation issues and view maladministration problems in the district. In addition, the study assessed the formation of Dandi district and its administrative history in the period under discussion. It also attempted to focus on nature of the land tenure system in district and its burden on life of inhabitants of the district. The Därg was interested to consolidate its power by taking different measures which had their own merits and demerits on the political and socio-economic conditions for the inhabitants in Dandi district. Besides this, the study has tried to address the socio-economic situation of the district in which the area has not made much progress. It also attempt to asses’ public services and infrastructural developments in the district, in the last three decades of the monarchical regime. Moreover, the study attempted to asses changes and developments in the district had gone through during the military government. 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z https://repository.ju.edu.et//handle/123456789/9064 A History of Qärsa District, 1942-1991 Muhammed Ismael Abdu; Deressa Debu; Temesgen Lemmessa The study is a historical survey of of Qärsa district from 1942-1991. The purpose of the study is to reconstruct the socio-economic and political history of Qärsa district Jimma Zone, focusing on the monarchical government of Emperor Hailesillassie and Dӓrg the military rule. The year 1942 was the turning point on the history of the district because of the restoration of imperial regime, while 1991 is a year of the collapse of the Dӓrg regime. This thesis reconstructed the history of Qärsa district based on relivant archival materials, primary, secondary and oral sources. Appropriate data from different sources are gathered and organized. The collacted data with oral information carefully arranged and crosschecked, then the data are analyzed, interpreted and narrated chronologically. The finding of the thesis is to show the changes and continuties in Qärsa district in the context of change in policy and government at national level. The restoration of the imperial rule and subsequent reforms that imperial government introduced, especially in relation to administration, land and the subsequent reaction of the people of the district to introduce changes are the main themes of analysis for the periods between 1941 and 1974. Thus, the thesis argues that socio-economic and administrative changes made by Emperor Hailesillassie’s government in the post 1941 brought little attempt in the living conditions of people of the district. The study also tries to examine developments that Qärsa district witnessed during the Dӓrg regime (1974-1991). The military attempts to place its power on a better position by introducing several measures at national level had its own positive and negative impact in socio-economic development of Qärsa district 2023-06-01T00:00:00Z