https://repository.ju.edu.et//handle/123456789/173 2026-05-11T17:34:33Z https://repository.ju.edu.et//handle/123456789/9571 Assessment of Quality of Root Canal Filling Through Radiographic Image Observation and Associated Factors at Dental Clinics in Jimma Town, Southwest Ethiopia. Selam Fiseha; Yohannes Zewdu; Belay Yadeta Background: Root canal treatment is an essential component of comprehensive dental care, and it is crucial to ensure high technical quality in root fillings. Several factors can impact the technical quality of root fillings. Various procedural errors can compromise the quality of root canal treatment and influence the overall outcome of the procedure. Despite numerous global studies, there has been a lack of study into the prevalence and factors affecting the quality of root canal filling techniques in Ethiopia and specifically in our study setting, Jimma. This underscores the urgent need for further research and improvement in this critical area of dental care. Objective: To analyse the prevalence quality of root canal filling radiographically and assess factors affecting root canal treatment at dental clinics in Jimma town, southwest Ethiopia. Methods: In a multi-center facility-based cross-sectional study, the characteristics of subjects and radiographs of 228 root canals were assessed for the overall quality of RCT. The quality of the root fillings was evaluated based on the distance between the end of the filling and the radiographic apex, the density of the filling, and the taper of the root filling. Data was entered into EPI Data version 3.1 and then exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. For analysis involved conducting Chi-square tests and binary logistic regression tests. Result: The prevalence of roots with overall acceptable root filling was 48.7%. We observed significant differences in numerous aspects, including teeth type and positions (P.value=0.000), Obturiation level compared to CEJ (P.value=0.026), presence of missed canal (P.value=0.000), presence of fractured instrument (P.value=0.002), root canal anatomy (P.value=0.001), root canal location (P.value=0.000), root canal position (P.value=0.000), root canal curvature (P.value=0.000), operating professional education (P.value=0.004), and operating dentist work experience (P.value=0.000) observed. In multifactorial analysis, RCT was more likely to succeed in straight teeth (OR=0.003), unvoid teeth (OR=0.00), acceptable tapering (OR=106.25), initial treatment (OR=20.28) and acceptable length of root canal filling (OR=93136.38). Conclusion: The overall quality of RCT performed was found to be low (less than 50%). Based on the findings, it is evident that various factors significantly impact the success of root canal treatment. Further research and consideration of these influencing factors can enhance the success rate of root canal treatments and contribute to improved overall dental care 2024-06-06T00:00:00Z https://repository.ju.edu.et//handle/123456789/8551 Assessment of Sagittal Jaw Relationships Determined By ‘Wits Appraisal’ From Pre-Treatment Lateral Cephalic metric Radiograph of Orthodontic Patients Visiting Jimma Medical Center, Jimma Zone, Southwest Ethiopia, 2022. Wasihun Worky; Dereje Worku BACKGROUND- Cephalometric analysis aims to determine skeletal and dental relationships. The ANB angle, initially suggested by Rediel and applied by Steiner is the most used angle in establishing the anteroposterior relationship of the mandible to the maxilla. However, limitations to the accuracy of the ANB angle for this purpose have been reported. To avoid these potential sources of inaccuracy a diagnostic tool is introduced by Jenkins and later modified by Jacobson and became known as the “Wits appraisal”. Wits appraisal is a common linear cephalometric analytic tool, which it has been reported to be superior to angular cephalometric measures as it is not dependent on per cranial structures and their variations both during growth and during orthodontic treatment unlike ANB angular measurement. OBJECTIVE: - To assess the sagittal jaw relationships determined by – ‘Wits Appraisal’ from pre-treatment lateral cephalometric radiograph of orthodontic patients visiting JMC from March 2020 – March 2022, Jimma Zone, Southwest Ethiopia, 2022 METHODS AND MATERIALS: - A cross sectional study design was conducted. Purposive non-probability sampling method used, in which deliberate subjective choice (patients who have pre-treatment radiograph) are selected what she or he regards as a “representative” sample to the reference population. The data had been collected from pre-treatment lateral cephalogram of patients by tracing on acetate paper with pencil. RESULT: - From - 278 sample patients 95 or 34.17% were male with mean 7.25, SD 3.745, C.V 0.516 & 183 or 65.83% were female with mean 14.17, SD 5.391, C.V 0.381 (Table 5.1)] were identified Wits Appraisal Measurement of orthodontic male & female patients with different skeletal classes (Class I, class II and Class III) in JMC orthodontic unit. From 180 sample patients, 57 or 31.67% male & 123 or 68.33% females were identified as Class I skeletal pattern – the mean Wits Appraisal value for male is 0.773 and 0.979 for female with SD of 0.823 for male and 0.360 for female as well as more variation of Wits Appraisal seen on males. From 61 sample patients 19 or 33.13% males & 42 or 68.87% female were identified as class II skeletal pattern - the mean ‘Wits Appraisal’ value for male is 3.911 and 3.567 for female with SD 4 of 1.059 for male and 1.154 for female as well as more variation of Wits measurement seen on females. From 37 samples patients 19 or 51.35% male & 18 or 48.65% female were identified as class III skeletal pattern - the mean ‘Wits Appraisal value for male is -1.849 and -1.883 for female with SD of 0.735 for male and 0.810 for female as well as more variation of angle seen on males. CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION: - Out of 278 orthodontic patients following treatment at JMC orthodontics unit, 180 (62.7%) were skeletal Class I pattern, 61 (21.9%) patients were skeletal Class II pattern & 37 (13.2%) patients were skeletal class III pattern. The more prevalent patients with sagittal relationship in JMC are Skeletal class I, Skeletal class II and Skeletal class III in decreasing order. The estimated – the mean Wits Appraisal value for skeletal class I pattern sample patients is 0.773 with SD of 0.823 for males and – the mean Wits Appraisal value for skeletal class I pattern sample patients is 0.979 with SD of 0.360 for females. The estimated Wits Appraisals for skeletal Class II pattern, the mean value of Wits Appraisal should be positive which is identical to Jacobson’s measurement - +3.911 for males and +3.587 for females. For skeletal class III pattern, the mean value of Wits Appraisal should be negative which is identical to Jacobson’s measurement, -1.849 for males and -1.759 for females. 2022-06-07T00:00:00Z https://repository.ju.edu.et//handle/123456789/8354 Tooth Size Discrepancy Of Angle’s Different Classes Of Malocclusion In Jimma Medical Center Dental Clinic Outpatients Dr.Getachew, Kifle; Dr.Chala, Hailu; Dr.Chala, Hailu Executive Summary Background: Tooth-size discrepancy refers to unbalance between the mesiodistal widths of the maxillary and mandibular individual teeth or groups of teeth. For normal occlusion to occur, the maxillary and mandibular teeth must be proportional in size. Bolton’s ratios are a useful diagnostic tool used in clinical orthodontics to achieve ideal occlusion of the dentition for diagnosis and treatment planning. . Objective: To assess the Bolton’s anterior and overall tooth size discrepancy among different malocclusion groups in of Jimma medical center dental outpatients with 20 to 25 age groups Methods: Hospital-based cross sectional study was conducted in Jimma University medical Center, Dental OPD, in Jimma medical center dental outpatients. A total of 105 patients were recruited among 20 to 25 age groups. Inter arch tooth size discrepancy was assessed using patient study models and mesiodistal tooth width was measured with digital vernier calliper.One-way ANOVA was used to assess the Bolton ratio difference between the groups as function of Angle’s malocclusion and gender. The one sample t-test was used to compare the differences between the groups of the present study and Bolton’s original sample. Results: The differences in tooth size ratio of the study groups were not significant statistically, when the groups were compared on the basis of gender.A significant anterior tooth size discrepancy was observed in in the three classes. Statistically significant differences were exclusively observed between the study groups and Bolton’s original sample for the anterior ratio. The frequency of the clinically significant tooth size ratio discrepancy was lower for the overall ratio (35.2%) compared to the anterior ratio (58%). Conclusions: Bolton’s analysis shows the clinically significant anterior tooth size discrepancy was more prevalent than that of the overall ratio. In both anterior and overall tooth size discrepancy the incidence of mandibular excess is greater than maxillary excess. In both anterior and overall TSD, class III malocclusion had highest incidence. 2022-03-01T00:00:00Z https://repository.ju.edu.et//handle/123456789/8302 Depth of curve of spee in different classes of angle’s malocclusions on dental cast of orthodontic patients treated at jimma medical center dental clinic orthodontic unit, Ethiopia DR. Rahwa Berhane; DR. Mulualem Tolosa BACKGROUND - Curve of spee is important for balanced occlusion and functional occlusion, it also serves to enhance three dimensional freedom of movement of mandible. In addition, the Curves are associated with esthetics of the face and are contributing to an esthetically satisfying smile. Curve of Spee has a biomechanical function during food processing by increasing the crush shear ratio between the posterior teeth and the efficiency of Occlusal forces during mastication. Flattening the curve of Spee should be one of the goals of orthodontic treatment as correction of overbite often involves leveling the curve of Spee by anterior intrusion, posterior extrusion, or a combination of these actions. There are different opinions about the development of the curve of Spee, so it is important to know in which type of malocclusion this curve is more severe. OBJECTIVE – to assess curve of spee in Angle Class I, II & III malocclusion in Jimma medical center dental clinic, Ethiopia Method- 2 year hospital based retrospective cross sectional study design was conducted on dental casts of Orthodontic patients in the dental clinic from August 13 to Augusts 20, 2022 who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. One hundred twenty nine casts were chosen, and divided into 3 groups (n=129) according to Angle dental malocclusion classification. The depth of curve of Spee was measured on left and right sides of mandibular dental models and mean values were used as depth of curve of Spee. Data was analyzed by statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 20.0. Descriptive statistics was applied for the analysis of socio-demographic related characteristics of the study participants, patients related characteristics including such as mean, standard deviation (SD), medians and percentiles. ANOVA was used on Stata software to compare the mean depth of curve of spee between the different Classes of Angle’s Malocclusion Result: The depth of COS was found as deepest in Class II malocclusion (2.50±0.94mm) and was relative flat in Class I malocclusion (1.62±0.69mm) and there is significant difference between class I and class II, class II and class III mean score of depth of curve of Spee at 5% level of significance. However, there is no significant difference between class I and class III mean score of depth of curve of Spee at 5% level of significance. Conclusion: Since the depth of curve of Spee is increased in Class II malocclusions, this factor should be considered in diagnosis & treatment planning. 2022-08-01T00:00:00Z