Pharmacy

Therapeutic efficacy and safety of chloroquine plus Primaquine for the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium vivax infection in metehara sugar factory Hospital: a single arm prospective study

Mon, 01 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Therapeutic efficacy and safety of chloroquine plus Primaquine for the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium vivax infection in metehara sugar factory Hospital: a single arm prospective study Tamirat mulugeta tolera; Mengist awoke; Abdissa Biruksew; Bokretsion Gidey; Jemal Hussien Malaria remains a major public health problem in Ethiopia, with Plasmodium vivax (P. vivax) accounting for a substantial proportion of cases. Chloroquine combined with primaquine is the first-line treatment for uncomplicated P. vivax infection. Periodic therapeutic efficacy monitoring is essential to ensure the continued effectiveness of this regimen and to inform malaria treatment policy

Effect of medication therapy management on Medication-related problems and treatment outcomes Among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at jimma Medical center, southwest ethiopia: a pre-post Interventional study

Mon, 01 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Effect of medication therapy management on Medication-related problems and treatment outcomes Among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at jimma Medical center, southwest ethiopia: a pre-post Interventional study Feyiso Wonberi; Dula Dessalegn Poor glycaemic control affects 52–80% of adults with T2DM in Ethiopia, with medication-related problems (MRPs) identified as a key contributing factor. Medication therapy management (MTM) is an evidence-based, pharmacist-led intervention designed to optimize glycaemic control and reduce MRP burden; however, evidence from Ethiopian ambulatory settings remains limited.

Supply Chain Agility and Associated Factors among Pharmaceutical Suppliers in Sidama Regional State, Ethiopia

Sun, 07 Sep 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Supply Chain Agility and Associated Factors among Pharmaceutical Suppliers in Sidama Regional State, Ethiopia Zerihun Tesfaye; Tadesse Gudeta Background: Supply Chain Agility allows pharmaceutical suppliers to operate effectively in a fast-changing environment by enabling quick and flexible responses. This study aims to assess the supply chain agility practices, identify factors influencing agility, and explore challenges in implementing these practices in both the public and private sectors of pharmaceutical suppliers in the Sidama region of Ethiopia. Methods: From June 2024 to July 2024, a mixed method study design was concurrently implemented among pharmaceutical suppliers in the Sidama region, Ethiopia. Quantitative data were collected through questionnaires using a five-point Likert scale. A stratified random sampling method was used to include a total of 327 participants, consisting of 126 from customers of the Ethiopian Pharmaceutical Supply Service (EPSS) and 201 from customers of private suppliers. The quantitative data were entered in Epidata V 4.6, and analyzed using SPSS version 25.0, where both descriptive and multiple linear regression analyses were conducted. For the qualitative component, a purposive sampling technique was employed to conduct interviews with 12 key informants. The resulting data were then analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: A total of 313 completed responses were obtained, resulting in a response rate of 95.7%. 141 (45%) expressed disagreement with the variety of products offered by suppliers. The majority, 173 (55.3%), reported experiencing delays in receiving their products. 92 (29.4%) agreed that suppliers frequently experience stock outs. The adjusted R-squared value of 0.339 indicates that 33.9% of the variance in supply chain agility is explained by the independent variables in the model. The study found that ICT (β=0.434, p<0.001), collaboration (β=0.101, p=0.044), innovations, budget, and data quality significantly affect supply chain agility. A one-unit increase in ICT adoption is associated with a 0.434-unit increase in supply chain agility. The p-values (<0.001) indicate a statistically significant association between ICT and supply chain agility. Major challenges identified in supply chain agility implementation included supply shortages, inadequate technologies, poor data quality, foreign currency fluctuations, import restrictions, and high tariffs on imported products. iii Conclusion: Supply chain agility is poorly practiced regarding order fill rate, flexibility, product variety, and lead time, though pharmaceutical suppliers demonstrate strong practice regarding competency. Major challenges to implementing supply chain agility include supply shortages, technological limitations, inadequate human resources, poor data quality, financial constraints, and reliance on foreign companies due to low local production rates. The study identified statistically significant associations between ICT, collaboration, innovation, budget, and data quality. Recommendation: The researcher recommends that pharmaceutical suppliers to enhance their use of information communication technology (ICT). It is also recommends that pharmaceutical suppliers to collaborate with customers to share knowledge and best practices, as well as work with other partners in the supply chain. Further recommends the Regional Health Bureau, Zonal Health Office, Woreda Health Office, and health facilities to work on providing adequate training and ongoing supervision to address and improve challenges related to supply chain agility.

Regulatory Compliance and Quality of Fixed-Dose Combination Amoxicillin–Clavulanic Acid Oral Suspensions:Evedence From Drug Retail Outlets In Sheger City, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia

Wed, 18 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Regulatory Compliance and Quality of Fixed-Dose Combination Amoxicillin–Clavulanic Acid Oral Suspensions:Evedence From Drug Retail Outlets In Sheger City, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia Wude Deressa; Sultan Suleman Background: Fixed-dose combination amoxicillin-clavulanic acid oral suspensions are commonly used in pediatric care but are susceptible to degradation under inadequate storage conditions, especially in low-resource settings including Ethiopia. Objective: To assess regulatory compliance and the quality of Fixed-Dose Combination Amoxicillin–Clavulanic Acid Oral Suspensions:Evedences from Drug Retail Outlets of Sheger City, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study (May–July 2025) involving 200 drug retail outlets assessed product quality using 30 bottles from three brands collected via convenience sampling. Data were obtained through questionnaires, checklists, and laboratory testing, with counterfeit detection using the WHO visual inspection tool and quality evaluation per USP 40 standards. Analysis using SPSS v25 included descriptive statistics and logistic regression set at P < 0.05. Results: The study found that only 57% of drug retail outlets complied with national regulatory standards for pharmaceutical storage. While dispenser knowledge (88.9%) and attitudes (63%) toward proper storage were generally positive, practice gaps were evident. The multiple logistic regression indicates pharmacies with dispensers practicing over five years of experience were more than twice as likely to be compliant (AOR = 2.30, P = 0.028). Similarly, being a pharmacy owner (AOR = 1.86, p = 0.031) and having training in good storage practices (AOR = 1.72, p = 0.044) increased the odds of compliance. The licensed pharmacy outlets having a self-contained storage area and using a thermometer for monitoring (P<0.05) were also significantly linked to higher compliance levels. All samples met the WHO visual inspection and USP assay quality standards (amoxicillin 90–120%, clavulanic acid 90–125%). Samples from drug retail outlets that complied with national regulatory standards for pharmaceutical storage exhibited potency that is more consistent across brands. Conclusion: Despite the fact that every tested sample passed quality control testing, retail establishments continue to store pharmaceuticals in ways that do not comply with regulations, putting their long-term stability and effectiveness at risk. The study suggests that strengthened regulatory enforcement, improved storage infrastructure, and continuous dispenser training are essential to safeguard medicine quality and public health.