Psychiatry

Common mental disorders among mothers of children under five Years of age attended treatment for severe acute malnutrition In jimma city, oromia, Ethiopia

Thu, 01 May 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Common mental disorders among mothers of children under five Years of age attended treatment for severe acute malnutrition In jimma city, oromia, Ethiopia Haymanot Girma; Worknesh Tessema; Shimeles Girma Background: Common Mental Disorders (CMDs) are among the most prevalent forms of mental disorders globally. Women are twice as likely as men to be diagnosed with CMDs, and mothers are particularly prone to these disorders. CMD can have significant long-term adverse impacts on both mothers and their children. Maternal physical illnesses are well known to be associated with children severe acute malnutrition. The existing limited evidences of CMD among mothers of children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) are conflicting. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the magnitude and associated factors of maternal common mental disorders among these mothers. Objectives: To determine the magnitude and associated factors of common mental disorders among mothers of children under five years of age attended treatment for severe acute malnutrition in Jimma city, Oromia, Ethiopia, 2025 Methods: An institution-based, cross-sectional study was conducted among 163 mothers of children under five years of age who attended treatment for severe acute malnutrition at Jimma University Medical Center (JUMC) and Shenen Gibe General Hospital from January to March2025. Data was collected by trained nurses using structured questionnaire. CMD was measured by World Health Organization Self-Reporting Questionnaire-20 (WHO SRQ 20). Structured questionnaires was used to measure factors associated with CMD. Data entry and analysis were done by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26. A bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses was performed. The strength of association was measured by the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI), and a p-value of <0.05 was used to determine statistical significance. The final results were presented in the form of tables, figures and texts Results: The majority of mothers (60%) were aged 25–34 years and most were married (80.4%).Over half (55.2%) were unable to read or write and nearly half (51.5%) were were housewives. The majority of mothers was Muslim (81.6%) and lived in rural areas (82.2%). Nearly half of the children (49.7%) were between the age of 12–36 months.The majority of house holds experienced of mild food insecurity (45.4%) while only 13.5% being fully food secure. I The prevalence of maternal common mental disorders was 31.9%. Mothers with co-morbid medical illnesses (AOR = 3.5; 95% CI: 1.08–11.35), a history of mental illness (AOR = 4.24; 95% CI: 1.13–15.82), infants under 12 months (AOR = 6.81; 95% CI: 1.25–37.13), child chronic illness (AOR = 4.03; 95% CI: 1.02–15.84), and short birth intervals (AOR = 3.81; 95% CI: 1.41–10.27) were significantly associated with mothers CMD. The absence of intimate partner violence reduced CMD likelihood by 73.3% (AOR = 0.267; 95% CI: 0.08 0.93). Conclusion and Recommendation: Nearly one third of participants reported common mental illness. Mothers with co-morbid medical illnesses, previous history of mental illness, having infants under 12 months, child chronic illness, and short birth intervals were significantly associated with maternal CMD. Conversely, the absence of intimate partner violence reduced CMD likelihood by two third. Therefore, integrating maternal CMDs screening and psychosocial support into existing SAM treatment protocol is essential.

Coping strategies and associated factors among Caregivers of patients with schizophrenia at the Outpatient unit of jimma medical center, jimma, southwest, Ethiopia

Thu, 01 May 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Coping strategies and associated factors among Caregivers of patients with schizophrenia at the Outpatient unit of jimma medical center, jimma, southwest, Ethiopia Filmon Tesfaye; Gutema Ahmed; Bezaye Alemu Background: Schizophrenia is a chronic and severe mental disorder that affects how a person thinks, feels, and behaves. The challenges of providing care for a family member with schizophrenia might make it difficult to care for them. Determining coping strategies and related factors can aid in creating treatments that assist caregivers and enhance outcomes for the individual with schizophrenia, as well as the caregivers. Objective: To assess levels of coping strategies and associated factors among caregivers of patients with schizophrenia at the outpatient unit of JMC, Jimma, southwest Ethiopia, 2024. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was employed. Data collection was conducted among 400 caregivers of patients with schizophrenia selected by consecutive sampling methods at the Jimma Medical Center psychiatry clinic from November 10 to December 20, 2024. Interviewer-administered questionnaires using Brief Cope were utilized. Psychological distress was evaluated using the ten-item Kessler psychological distress scale (K10); the 12-item Zarit burden scale assessed caregiver burden, and social support was measured using the Oslo-3 Social Support Scale. Data were entered into the Kobo tool and exported to IBM SPSS Statistics Version 25.0 for analysis. A descriptive study was performed. Bivariate and multivariate linear regression were used for data analysis. A P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result: A total of 400 caregivers were involved in the study, with a response rate of 100 %.The most commonly used coping strategy was emotion-focused (Mean=6.7, SD=1.52). The most frequently used emotion-focused coping strategy was Religion (Mean=6.24, SD=1.58). 26 % had psychological distress, and 44.8% reported caregiver burden. When included in multiple linear regression, psychological distress and social support are significantly associated with all three coping strategies. Conclusion: The study reveals that emotion-focused coping is the most common strategy among caregivers of schizophrenia patients, highlighting the reliance on emotional regulation and social support. However, the study also found high levels of psychological distress and caregiver burden, highlighting the need for targeted interventions to address emotional and psychological needs and improve mental health outcomes

Treatment outcomes of electroconvulsive therapy And its associated factors at Ethiopian hospitals, apre Post study

Thu, 01 May 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Treatment outcomes of electroconvulsive therapy And its associated factors at Ethiopian hospitals, apre Post study Desale Taye; Elias Tesfaye; Liyew Agenegnaw Introduction: Electro convulsive therapy is the effective somatic treatment for a range of mental illnesses, including catatonia, depression with severe suicidality, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and mental illness during pregnancy. Objective: To assess the treatment outcomes of electroconvulsive therapy and its associated factors at Ethiopian hospitals, Ethiopia, (2024- 2025). Methods: pre-post study design was conducted at Jimma medical center and Eka kotobe hospital from November 2024 to march 2025. 59 participants were included; consecutive sampling technique was used. Continuous variables were analyzed in the form of mean and standard deviation. Categorical variables were summed up as frequency and percentages. Difference between two means before and after Electro convulsive therapy was analyzed by using paired t test. Chi-square test was applied to analyze the relationship between categorical variables. Fisher’s-exact test was used wherever chi-square test assumptions did not meet Cochrane criteria. A logistic regression was used to identify association between treatment outcomes of ECT and its associated factors. 95% confidence intervals and P-value of < 0.05 was considered as statically significant. Result; the mean score of post Electro convulsive therapy brief psychiatry rating scale was decreased by 38.44(SD=±28.89) with p value of (p=<0.001). Based on this, Out of total 59 patients 42(71.2%) of patients respond for treatment of Electro convulsive therapy. The response rate is 75%(9), 88.9%(16), 61.5%(8), 75%(12) and77.8%(7) for depression, catatonia, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and suicidal behavior respectively. Employment status, Number of episode, Duration of current episode, Frequency of Electro convulsive therapy, Duration of seizure, current substance use, stress, and social supports were found to be associated with outcomes of ECT. Conclusion; Electro convulsive therapy is effective treatment for psychiatry conditions with high response rate and low side effect reports

Validation of Beck Depression Inventory (BDI- II) scale for detection of depression among patients with chronic illness at Jimma University Specialized Hospital, Jimma southwestern Ethiopia

Sat, 01 Sep 2018 00:00:00 GMT

Validation of Beck Depression Inventory (BDI- II) scale for detection of depression among patients with chronic illness at Jimma University Specialized Hospital, Jimma southwestern Ethiopia Bezaye Alemu; Markos Tesfaye; Mubarek Abera Background: The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is one of the most popular scales not only as one of the most widely used self-report instruments for evaluating the severity of depression, but also for screening of depression in clinical practice and general population. The Beck Depression Inventory-II showed high reliability and good correlation with measures of depression in different settings. Its threshold for detecting depression varied according to the type of patients, suggesting the need for adjusted cut off points. This study was designed with three objectives 1. To evaluate content validity of Beck depression screening tool (BDST) 2. To evaluate criterion validity of BDST against a gold standard (MINI) measure of MDD 3. To evaluate the convergent validity of BDST against functional impairment Methods In this study, Institution based cross-sectional study design was used to assess the criterion, content and convergent validity of the BDI- II against the gold standard measure of depression, the MINI, on people with chronic physical illness who has follow up at Jimma university specialized hospital. The criterion validation was undertaken on 123 people with chronic physical illness. Descriptive analysis covering frequencies, percents, mean, median standard deviation was made to characterize the study population by socio demographic and clinical characteristics. The sensitivities and specificities at different cut of points was determined and the optimal cut off points identified. Convergent validity was also evaluated by using a functional impairment scale (WHODAS). The convergent validity of the BDST was tested using Pearson’s correlation coefficient test between BDST and the functional impairment test. Result The area under receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.90 (95%CI 0.83-0.98) with 87% and 82% sensitivity and specificity at optimal cut off point of 16 respectively. The internal reliability 3 Cronbach's alpha for the BDI-II total score was 0.93. The correlation between the BDI-II and WHODAS was (r=0.71) Conclusion The BDI-II is a reliable screening tool for detection of depressive symptoms among people with chronic physical illness in hospital settings, in Ethiopia with validity comparable to that for international studies. Therefore, the findings can provide basic information for intervention strategies for depression in chronically ill medical patients