Abstract:
Beekeeping is a vital agricultural practice in Ethiopia, contributing to household income, food
security, and environmental sustainability through pollination. Challenges such as low
productivity, pests, lack of modern equipment, and poor management hinder the sector's potential.
This study evaluates honey production systems, beekeeping practices, and managements in Bita
Woreda to identify opportunities for sustainable development. A cross-sectional study was
conducted from September 2024 to January 2025 in three kebeles (Sheda, Ona, Tageta ) using
mixed-method approaches. A multistage sampling technique was employed, selecting 150
beekeepers (traditional, transitional, and modern hive users) from those Keble through stratified
random sampling. Data were collected via questionnaires, key informant interviews, and focus
group discussions, then analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic approaches.
The study found that 36.7% of beekeepers use transitional hives, while 33.3% and 30% rely on
traditional and modern hives, respectively. Modern hives were preferred for higher honey yields
(81.3%) and ease of harvesting (76.7%), whereas traditional hives were favored for material
availability (87.4%) and lower dependency on external inputs (87%). Annual honey production
averaged 5–8 kg per traditional hive, 6–10 kg per transitional hive, and 10–16 kg per modern
hive. Major constraints included lack of equipment (34.7%), colony shortages (28.6%), and pests
(14%). While modern hives enhance productivity, traditional systems remain important for
resource-limited beekeepers. Interventions should focus on training, pest management, and access
to modern equipment to improve yields sustainably. Strengthening market linkages and promoting
cooperative beekeeping can further enhance livelihoods and sector growth in Bita Woreda.
