Hematologic abormalities among adult human immunodeficency virus-infected patients in jimma university specialized hospital at anti retroviral theraphy follow up clinic , Jimma, south west Ethiopia

Abstract

Background: In individuals infected with HIV, hematological abnormalities are common and are associated with increased risk of disease progression and death. However, the profile of hematological abnormalities in HIV infected adult patients is not known in Jimma university specialized hospital. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the hematological manifestations of HIV infection and to identify the factors associated with cytopoenias in both HAART naïve and HAART patients at JUSH ART follow-up clinic. Method: A cross-sectional hospital based survey was conducted from July to August 2012 on 361 HAART and HAART naïve HIV infected adult patients. Patients from each category were included in the study consecutively until a quota proportionate to the size for each category was obtained. Data were coded, entered, cleared and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Descriptive, bivariate and multivariate analyses were done. Statistical significance was declared at p<0.05 with 95%CI. RESULT : The prevalence of anemia, leucopenia, thrombocytopenia and lymphopoenia among the study individuals were 51.5%, 13%, 11.1% and 5% respectively. In multivariate logistic regression analysis presence of opportunistic infection (AOR 5.72, 95% CI 2.05-15.97; p=0.001), use of CPT (AOR 1.65, 95% CI 1.02-2.67; p=0.04) and CD4 count <200 cells/µl (AOR 3.34, 95% CI 1.57-7.1; p=0.002) were associated with an increased risk of anemia. And CD4 count <200 cells/µl (AOR 3.34, 95% CI 1.59-7.02; p=0.001) and use of CPT (AOR 2.34, 95%CI 1.05-5.19; p=0.036) were associated with an increased risk of leucopenia. CONCLUSION: Hematologic abnormalities were common in HIV infected adult patients. Of the cytopoenias anemia was the most common. Use of CPT was independently associated with increased risk of anemia and leucopenia. Therefore, large scale and longitudinal studies; giving emphasis on association of CPT and cytopoenia; are recommended to strengthen and explore the problem in depth.