Pregnancy Induced Hypertension and Associated Factors among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Service at Jimma Town Public Health Facilities, South West Ethiopia

Abstract

Background: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are a major health burden in the obstetric population as it is one of the leading causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. It ranges from preeclampsia/eclampsia, gestational hypertension, chronic hypertension and superimposed preeclampsia. World Health Organization estimates that at least one woman dies every seven minutes from complications of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Objective: To assess prevalence of pregnancy induced hypertension and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal service at Jimma town public health facilities, South West Ethiopia. Methods: Health facility based cross-sectional study design with quantitative method of data collection was carried out from March 01-30, 2015. The study was used a total sample size of 356 pregnant women who were proportionally allocated to the hospitals and health centers in the town according to the number of the pregnant women attending antenatal care in the respective health facilities. Then the study participants were systematically selected from each health facility. Prior to analysis data was entered and checked using Epi data and exported in to SPSS version 20.00. Descriptive statistics was computed to determine the proportions of pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) and its associated factors. Bivariate analysis was carried out between the dependent and independent variables to determine the relation of pregnancy induced hypertension and independent variables. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was made to obtain odds ratio and the CI of statistical associations between PIH and its associated factors. Result: Prevalence of pregnancy induced hypertension was 10.3% and among PIH, preeclamsia 23(63.9%) was the most common type. This study also showed that rural residence (AOR=5.310, 95%CI=1.518-18.574), positive family history of chronic hypertension (AOR=9.90, 95%CI=2.31-42.44), Positive family history of pregnancy induced hypertension (AOR=9.13(2.33-35.78)), kidney diseases (AOR=3.97, 95%CI=1.36-11.56) and psychological stress (AOR=5.79, 95%CI=1.66-20.25) were statistically significant association with pregnancy induced hypertension. Conclusion: According to this study, the prevalence of pregnancy induced hypertension was 10.3% and address, family history of chronic hypertension and family history of PIH, kidney diseases, psychological stress during pregnancy were contributing factors of PIH. Recommendations: The town health office and health institutions should focus on early detection and prevention of PIH after detection of predisposing factors like kidney diseases, family history of chronic hypertension, family history PIH and psychological stress.