Prevalence and Associated Factors of Pressure Ulcer among Adult Inpatients in Wolaita Sodo University Teaching Hospital, Southern Ethiopia.

Abstract

Background: The prevalence of pressure ulcers can range anywhere from 0% to over 38% depending on the sector, from general or University Hospitals to home care to nursing homes.. Objective: To assess prevalence and associated factors of pressure ulcer among adult inpatients in Wolaitta Sodo University Teaching Hospital, Southern Ethiopia 2015. Methods: Institution based cross-sectional study was employed in Wolaita Sodo University Teaching Hospital. The total sample size is 239 and participants were selected by using systematic sampling technique from each ward. Data were collected by face to face interview using a structured and pretested questionnaire. Data were entered into Epi Data version 3.1, edited and cleaned for inconsistencies and data were analyzed using SPSS version 16.0. Simple and multiple logistic regression analysis were performed to identify the final predictors of pressure ulcer development. Results: A total of 32 pressure ulcers were detected in 239 patients, with the prevalence of 13.4%.The prevalence of pressure ulcer was higher in male respondents 17 than in female respondents 15. This is because of most of the respondents were males. The application of the multiple logistic regression technique showed that the presence of pressure ulcer were significantly associated with Diabetes (AOR=4.116;95%CI=2.135,6.884), absence of change of patientspositionbynurses(AOR=3.20;95%CI=1.34,6.23),bedriddenpatients(AOR=3.01;95%CI=1. 30,4.456),Antidepressantusers(AOR=6.016;95%CI=1.420,6.652),durationofhospitalstay>=21day s(AOR=4.67;95%CI=1.98,12.00),Verylimitedsensoryperception(AOR=2.773;95%CI=1.244,4.64) activitystatus(bedbound)(AOR=2.34;95%CI=3.24,4.13)andfrictionandshearproblems(AOR=2.2; 95%CI=1.85, 15.79). Conclusion: The prevalence of pressure ulcer was high among hospitalized patients. Prolonged length of stay in hospital, problem of sensory perception, activity status, and general condition of the patients, patient’s principal diagnosis, and medications in use, change of patient’s position and friction and shearing forces were significantly associated with the presence of pressure ulcer Recommendations: Nursing director should facilitate and strengthen the staffs to use pressure ulcer preventive devices. Nurses should practice change of patient’s position every 2hours