Anti-retro viral therapy Adverse Drug Reaction among Human Immuno deficiency Virus-Infected Adult Patients and Associated Factors at Nigist Eleni Mohammed Memorial Hospital, Hosanna

Abstract

Background: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has created an enormous challenge worldwide. Globally, an estimated 35.3 (32.2–38.8) million people were living with HIV in 2012. An estimated 0.8% of adults aged 15-49 years worldwide are living with HIV. SubSaharan Africa remains most severely affected, with nearly 1 in every 20 adults (4.9%) living with HIV and accounting for 69% of the people living with HIV worldwide. The overall HIV prevalence in Ethiopia among adults age 15-49 is 1.5% in the 2011 EDHS. Recent increases in access to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) have made the management of drug toxicities an increasingly crucial component of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) care in developing countries. Like most medicines, antiretroviral drugs can cause side effects. Objectives: To determine prevalence of ART adverse drug reaction among HIV-infected adult patients and identifying factors associated with it at Nigist Eleni Mohammed memorial hospital, Hosanna, SNNPR, Ethiopia, 2015 Methods: Institution based cross sectional study design was employed. From a total 721 adult patient records that fulfil inclusion criteria and found to be complete based on pre-tested check list, 231 patients record were selected by SRS technique (computer generated method) from the sampling frame of 1-721. Result: A total of 231 records were reviewed in the study. A total 82 males and 149 female’s records were included and their age was 15-49years. The finding from this study revealed that females were found more risky to develop adverse drug reaction than males (AOR=2.721, CI=1.176-6.296). Patients with baseline WHO stage III and IV were found more risky to develop ADR than stage I and II (AOR= 13.064, CI=4.173- 40.900). The most frequent ADRs were fatigue (18.1%), diarrhoea (7.7%), nausea (6.5%), headache (3.6%) and anaemia (2%) and others. Conclusion: The prevalence of adverse drug reaction of ART in adults at NEMMH was low. WHO stage III and IV were found more risky to develop ADRs than WHO stage I and II and functional status ambulatory and bedridden were more risky than working status. Commonly identified ADRs were fatigue, diarrhoea, nausea and headache. Key words: HIV/AIDS, ADR, ART