Assessment of PMTCT service utilization and its associated factors among pregnant women attending ANC in health centers of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Using Health Belief Model

Abstract

Background: Maternal-to-Child transmission of HIV is responsible for about 20% of all HIV transmissions and more than 90% of worldwide paediatrics HIV infections. Without any preventive interventions, nearly 50% of HIV positive mothers will transmit HIV to their children during pregnancy, labour and breastfeeding. Objective: This study was to assess prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV service utilization and its associated factors among pregnant women attending ante natal care in health centers of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Using Health Belief Model. Method: Institution based cross sectional study design supplemented with qualitative study was conducted in randomly selected pregnant women from September 1-30/2013 in health centers in Addis Ababa. A total of 308 pregnant mothers counselled in ante natal care follow up were included in the study .Both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods were used through face to face interview. Bivariate analysis was conducted to investigate the association between each independent variable and the outcome variable for each study group. Variables that had statistically significant association at p-value of <0.25 were analysed together by controlling their confounding effects to each other and also multiple logistic regression value of <0.05 was considered to establish statistical association. Qualitative data was analysed by thematic approach. Finally the data from quantitative and qualitative was triangulated. Result: Out of 301 women interviewed 172(57.1%) had get message about Prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV and 166(55.1%) not utilized prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV. Utilization of prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV service by pregnant women were significantly associated with age group 26-30 years, AOR=2.648, 95 %CL (1.186, 5.911) and marital status which is widowed, AOR=0.101, 95%CL (0.012, 0.841). Most women 172(57.1%) had low perceived susceptibility to HIV, 160(53.2%) had low perceived benefit and 169(56.1%) had low perceived barrier. Among the perception characteristics perceived barrier, AOR=0.479, 95%CL (0.276, 0.833) and perceived self efficacy, AOR=2.439, 95%CL (1.427, 4.167) had independent significant association with utilization of PMTCT service. Conclusion and Recommendation: This study has found that more than half of the study subjects utilize prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV service. Prevention and control program on HIV, mother to child transmission, such as health education and promotion on HIV transmission, prevention, mother to child transmission, and prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV should be given in all health facilities so as to increase the number of clients using PMTCT service.