Causes of Admission and out Comes among Preeclampsia and Eclampsia Mothers Admitted to Jimma University Specialized Hospital Intensive Care Unit

Abstract

Background: Preeclampsia is a multisystem hypertensive disorder of pregnancy with new onset after 20 weeks gestation which is a leading cause of worldwide maternal and fetal morbidity-mortality. Objective: To assess causes of ICU admission and outcomes among pre-eclampsia and eclampsia mothers admitted to Jimma University Specialized Hospital. Methods: A retrospective cross sectional study was conducted at JUSH from May 3 to 8, 2015, all ICU admitted preeclampsia and eclampsia mother’s records from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2014 were included by consecutive sampling with inclusion and exclusion criteria. Causes of admission, complications and outcomes were obtained from patient records and analyzed by SPSS version 16.0, finally the results presented using simple frequency tables and figures. Chi square (x2) test calculated to analyze the statistical association between patients outcome and other variables, p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result: A total of 1981 patients admitted to Jimma University specialized hospital ICU over the last five years (January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2014) from this 326 of them were preeclampsia and eclampsia mothers and this gives admission rate of 16.5%. For this study only total of 314 preeclampsia and eclampsia mothers records were used and 12mothers cards were excluded by exclusion criteria. The main causes of admission to ICU were eclampsia 106 (33.8%), General condition need close observation 77(24.5%), pulmonary edema 63 (20.1%), postoperative bleeding 31(9.9%) While the main complications were pulmonary edema 82(26.1%), acute renal injury 76(24.2), HELLP syndrome 57(18.2%) and mortality rate of 7.3%.There is association level of blood pressure with maternal outcomes. Conclusion: Rate of maternal admission, complications and mortality is found to be high at JUSH ICU, Jimma University with other stakeholders has to work in improving high quality of cares provided to reduce maternal complications and mortality.