Depression and associated factors among confirmed pregnant women attending antenatal clinic and unconfirmed pregnant women who are visitors of inpatients at jimma university medical center, southwest Ethiopia, 2018: an institutional based comparative cross sectional study

Abstract

Background: Depression is a leading cause of global disability and the second leading cause of global disease burden among people 15–44 years of age. Depression is also the most common mental health disorder affecting women of childbearing age. Depression in pregnancy has adverse health outcomes for mothers and children. The magnitude and risk factors of maternal depression among confirmed pregnant in comparison to unconfirmed pregnant women is not known in developing countries, especially in Ethiopia. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of depression and its associated factors among confirmed pregnant women attending antenatal clinic and unconfirmed pregnant women who are visitors of inpatients at Jimma University Medical Center, Southwest Ethiopia, 2018. Methods: An institutional based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted at Jimma University Medical Center among 119 confirmed pregnant and 119 unconfirmed pregnant women selected by consecutive sampling technique from June 1- 30, 2018. The data was collected by a face to face interview using Beck Depression Inventory Scale, Oslo Social Support-3 Scale and Alcohol Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test. The data was checked, coded and entered by using Epi data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 20.0 for analysis. Descriptive statistics, binary and multivariate logistic regression analysis were done. AOR with 95% CI was calculated to determine independent variables associated with Depression. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05 in the final multiple logistic regression model. Result: The prevalence of depression was 30.3% among confirmed pregnant women and 15.1% among unconfirmed pregnant women. After controlling all confounging variables in confirmed pregnant women, family history of mental illness(AOR=5.175,95%CI=1.647,16.263), unwanted pregnancy (AOR=3.173, 95%CI=1.102,9.132), marital conflict (AOR=4.149, 95%CI=1.432,12.022), intimate partner violence (AOR=3.528, 95%CI=1.093,11391) and poor social support (AOR=4.636, 95%CI=1.499,14.337) had significant association with depression while in unconfirmed pregnant women marital conflict(AOR=4.360, 95%CI=1.003,18.955), family history of mental illness (AOR=5.315, 95%CI=1.069,26.425) and having moderate risk for khat use(AOR=4.746, 95%CI=1,086,20.744) had significant association with depression. Conclusion and recommendation: This study provides evidence that confirmed pregnant women suffer significantly more depressed than unconfirmed pregnant women. Thus, screening activities of depression in antenatal care services should be emphasized with more concern to confirmed pregnant women who have family history of mental illness, marital conflict, unwanted pregnancy, intimate partner violence and poor social support and unconfirmed pregnant women who have family history of mental illness and marital conflict and moderate risk of khat use were the most important associated factors for depression