The Effect of Palm Oil Fried Street Kokor on Lipid Profiles, Liver and Kidney Histopathology and Biomarkers of Swiss Albino Mice

Abstract

Background: Frying of foods, especially on streets with edible oils like palm oil alters the contents of oils and causes the formation of many harmful substances. Even though locally fried foods are consumed commonly in our society, their health effect is not studied well. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of palm oil fried street kokor on lipid profiles, liver and kidney histopathology and biomarkers of Swiss Albino mice. Methods: Thirty-two male and female Swiss Albino mice with age of 10-12 weeks old and body weight of 31.70 g to 47.10 g were divided randomly into four groups of eight members with equal male and female subgroups. The control group (Group-I) received only standard pellet and the experimental groups; Group-II, Group-III and Group-IV received 10%, 20% and 30% kokor of their daily food consumption respectively. The body weight of the mice was measured every week to assess the effect of the kokor on their body weight. At the end of the 6 th week, they were fasted for 12 hours and sacrificed by thoraco-abdominal incision after anesthetizing by diethyl ether. Blood was taken from each mouse by cardiac puncture and analyzed for lipid profiles, liver and kidney function tests. Liver and kidney tissues were taken from each mouse, fixed in 10% formalin solution for histopathological investigation. Data were entered to epi-data version 3.1 and analyzed by SPSS version 25.0. Result: The body weight of the experimental groups was decreased significantly when compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The level of triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and total cholesterol (TC) of experimental groups male and female mice was increased significantly compared with the control groups (P < 0.05). There was significant decrement of high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) level of experimental groups male mice (P < 0.05) but not the females. The serum level of liver damage biomarkers (alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST)) and kidney damage biomarkers (urea and creatinine) of experimental groups were increased significantly relative to the control groups (P < 0.05). Lymphocytic infiltrations, inflammations and fibrosis were detected on the liver and kidney of the experimental groups. Level of biochemical profiles (except HDL) and tissue damages increased as the dose of kokor increased. Conclusions: Palm oil fried street kokor disturbed the serum lipid profiles. It also damages liver and kidney tissues. The damage was exacerbated as the dose of kokor increased.