Predictors of Adherence to Anti-Hypertensive Medication among Hypertensive Adults in Fiche Hospital, North Shoa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia, case control study

Abstract

Background: Hypertension is an elevated of systolic blood pressure greater than 140 mm Hg and a diastolic blood pressure greater than 90 mmHg. Uncontrolled hypertension can occur due to non-adherence to medication or dietary regimen. Despite the availability of effective pharmacological treatments, the global rate of uncontrolled blood pressure remains high, because several factors hinder hypertensive patients’ adherence. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess predictors of adherence to antihypertensive medication among hypertensive adults on follow up in Fiche Hospital. Method: Hospitalbased unmatched case control study was conducted in Fiche Hospital which is found in North Shoa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia, from March 01-26, 2018. We used a pretested structure questionnaire through face to face interview. Cases were those hypertensive patients who score ≥ 80% points of the Morisky medication adherence scale and controls were hypertensive patients who score < 80% points of the Morisky medication adherence scale. Consecutive sampling method was employed. Datawas entered into Epi Data entry version 3.1software and exported to SPSS version 20, software for description and analyze.Binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to see the association between independent and dependent variables. Those candidate variables in bivariate analysis were entered to multivariable logistic regression. Finally identified predictor of adherence at P<0.05 with AOR and 95% CI Result: A sample of 318 respondents, 157 case and 161 controls with response rate of 95% and 98% respectively were participated in the study. The mean age for cases was 55 (SD 11.55) years and 54.9 (SD 12.65) for control group. Factors significantly associated with adherence were not having co-morbidity (AOR =3.53, 95% CI: 2.05-6.09), knowledge about hypertension and treatment (AOR= 3.96; 95% CI: 2.08-7.14), Attitude towards hypertension disease and treatment (AOR= 3.89; 95% CI: 2.1-7.0), patient provide communication (AOR= 2; 95%CI: 1.8-3.7). Conclusion: predictors of adherence to antihypertensive medication were knowledge about hypertension treatment, Attitude towards hypertension, patient provide communication and co-morbidity. Therefor the Hospital should arrange educational program on hypertension disease and its treatment, attitude about hypertension, on other co morbidity and follow its implementation