Prevalence and associated factors of Pneumonia among children 2-59 months of age in Gumay district, South-west of Ethiopia, 2017.

Abstract

Background: Recent estimates from the World Health Organization suggest that pneumonia is responsible for 20% of deaths in the under-five age group, leading to 3 million deaths per year. Of these deaths, two thirds occur during infancy and more than 90% occur in the developing countries. Out of fifteen countries that have the highest death rate from clinical pneumonia in children younger than five-year-old, Ethiopia ranks as number four in the world. Regardless of this fact, efforts to identify the prevalence and associated factors of pneumonia have been limited in Ethiopia. Objective: To determine the prevalence and identify the associated factors of pneumonia among 2 -59 months old children in Gumay district, Jimma zone, 2017. Methods: Community based cross sectional study was conducted in Gumay district from March 1- 26 /2017. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to proportionally draw 347households from 5 selected kebeles. Pre-tested Interviewer administered structured questionnaire was employed to collect data from households. Health extension workers and diploma nurses and Public health officers have participated in the survey as data collectors and supervisors, respectively. The data was entered in to Epi-Data version 3and then exported to Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20 for analysis. Result: The prevalence of pneumonia in 2 to 59 months old children found to be 7.5%. a child 2-11 months of age( AOR = 3.17;95%CI 1.6,6.3; p-value= 0.024), Cooking place (AOR=5.7; 95% CI 1.83,18; p-value=0.004), living in houses with less than two windows (AOR= 3.18; 95% CI 1.07 ,9.5; p-value =0.034), location of the child during cooking (AOR=5.15; 95%CI 1.6, 16.7; p-value= 0.008) and being unvaccinated(AOR=4.76, 95% CI;1.69, 13.37; p-value=0.003) were found to be significant predictors of pneumonia among children 2 to 59 months of age in this study. Conclusion and recommendation: -The study pointed out some modifiable risk factors of pneumonia in the study area. Age of the child, cooking in living house, number of windows the house is constructed with, carrying the child on the back during cooking and vaccination status of the child were the risk factors associated with pneumonia. The district health office should raise the awareness of the community on the adverse health effect of indoor air pollution resulting from the use of biomass fuel in the living house, health education to promote acceptability of vaccinating children and proper child cares practices.