Histopathologic Patterns of Breast Mass and associated factors in Jimma University Medical Center: A Five-Year Cross-Sectional study

Abstract

Background: Breast mass is common presenting symptom of breast disease. It has heterogeneous causes that include inflammatory, benign and malignant conditions. Feeling a lump in breast worries both the patient and the clinician because of the risk of breast cancer. Even though there is recent decline in mortality from breast cancer in resource-rich countries but still it causes significant mortality and morbidity in resource limited country. Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine histopathologic patterns of breast mass and its associated factors in Jimma University Medical Center (JUMC), from 2014 to 2018. Methods: A five years retrospective cross sectional study was conducted from August first to August 30 2019. Data was extracted from all eligible 301 reports of histologically diagnosed breast masses which were submitted to pathology department, JUMC from 2014 to 2018. Epi data version 3.1 was used for data entry and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Descriptive analysis, Cross tabulation, chi square test and logistic regression were conducted to identify predictors. In the multivariable model, adjusted odds ratios together with their corresponding 95% CI were calculated to assess strength of association and to decide statistical significance at P-value of ≤ 0.05. Then, the findings presented using text, tables and charts. Result: In this study, breast cancer was the most common (54.2%) cause of histopathologically diagnosed breast mass with the peak age in 4th and 5th decades. The most common histologic type was ductal carcinoma of no special type (79.3%) followed by lobular carcinoma (7.9%) while the special types accounted for only 12.8% these includes papillary carcinoma (3.7%), Mucinous carcinoma (2.4%), medulary carcinoma (1.8%), metaplastic carcinoma (1.2%). Most of cancer were Grade II (58%) and stage III (80.3%) and lymph node metastasis (81.1%). Age and residency were the two most statistically significant predictors of breast cancer. The most common benign lesion was fibroadenoma (44.6%) followed by fibrocystic change (25.4%). Conclusion: In the present study, breast cancer had been identified in individuals of younger age and most of the patients presented at stage III and IV. Ductal carcinoma of no special type (79.3%) was the most common histologic type. In male patient also the most common is Ductal carcinoma of no special type. Benign lesion like fibroadenoma and fibrocystic changes causes breast mass commonly in 2nd and 3rd decades