Prevalence of depression and associated Factors in urban and rural population of Gilgel gibe field research center.comparative Cross sectional study

Abstract

Background: Depression is a significant contributor to the global burden of disease and affects people in all communities across the world as a result it is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. Today, depression is estimated to affect 350 million people. The aim of this study was to determine and comparing risk factors of depression at different residence in GGFRC population. Methods: A comparative Cross-sectional study was carried out using secondary data identified from a survey conducted between September 2008 to December 2009 from Gilgel Gibe Field Research Center. Data from 982 urban and 2960 rural individuals were extracted for the analysis. Data on depression symptom, socio-demographic, behavioral risk factors and history of chronic diseases was extracted. Prevalence of Depression in respondents based on ICD-10 criteria was estimated and multiple logistic regression analyses were carried out to test associations of potential risk factors with depression, while controlling for potential confounding. Result: The final sample included 3942 respondents. The prevalence rate of depression episode in the study population was 6.4%, (6.9% for rural and 4.9% for urban). After controlling for all socio-demographic and behavioral variable, in urban resident being female (AOR=2.7, 95% CI: 1.92-9.96), drink alcohol (AOR=2.44, 95% CI: 1.26-4.7),chewing khat (AOR=2.37, 95% CI: 1.2-4.67) and having more than one CNCDs (AOR=11.59, 95% CI: 3.97-33.82),was significant while in rural females (AOR=2.85, 95% CI: 2.0-4.0), being older 45-64 years of age (AOR=1.99, 95% CI: 1.49-2.67) monthly income of <1000 (AOR=1.57, 95% CI: 1.06-2.33), drinking alcohol (AOR=2.65, 95% CI: 1.42-4.9 and khat chewers (AOR=3.1, 95% CI: 2.17-4.3) were identified to be predictors for depressive episodes. Conclusion: Sex, alcohol drinking and chat chewing for both residents but, age and monthly income in rural while only number of diagnosed chronic non communicable diseases in urban were the most important risk factors for depressive episodes. Empowering by education and financial capacity of women’s, those having low income and exposed for khat and alcohol use in both residents will be the primary plan for government officials and other stakeholders in the local areas.