Histopathologic Patterns of Gestational Trophoblastic Disease in Jimma University Medical Center, Jimma, Southwest Ethiopia: A Three Year Retrospective Study

Abstract

Introduction: Gestational trophoblastic diseases are group of diseases related to abnormal proliferation of trophoblast tissue. They include both benign and malignant forms; hydatidiform mole, Invasive mole, Placental Site Trophoblastic tumor, epithelioid trophoblastic tumor, Choriocarcinoma and trophoblastic nodules. The incidence of gestational trophoblastic disease has been reported to show racial and geographical variations. Extremities of maternal age and previous history of molar pregnancy are among the risk factors. Objective: To describe all cases of histologically diagnosed gestational trophoblastic diseases, seen at pathology department of Jimma university medical center. Methods: : This is hospital based three years retrospective study employing records of histologic diagnosis of all females patients diagnosed with gestational trophoblastic diseases in the pathology department JUMC from September 2015 to august 2018. Results: There were a total of 231 cases of GTD diagnosed clinically and 226 confirmed histologically from a total of 4802 biopsies done and 17,331 deliveries in JUMC during the study period making the magnitude of GTD to be 13.04 per 1000 deliveries. The mean age of patients was 29.81years, the minimum and maximum age being 15 and 48 years respectively. The peak age for GTD is 35 years. GTD was high in the age group of 20 to 29 with 99(42.9%) cases followed by age group of 30 to 39 with 81(35.1%) cases. Most of the cases were multiparas with greater than five previous deliveries 97(42.4%) and prim gravidas accounts for about 62(27.8%). The mean GA was 15.6 weeks, the minimum and maximum 5wks and 32 weeks respectively. The most common type of hydatidiform mole was complete mole which was diagnosed in 110(47.6%) followed by partial mole 79(34.2) cases. Conclusion: The prevalence of gestational trophoblastic was high in JUMC, Ethiopia. Complete mole was the most common spectrum of disease diagnosed, followed by partial mole and choriocarcinoma. GTD is high in the third and fourth decade and the peak age was 35 years.