Incidence and outcome of macrosomia in Jimma University Specialized Hospital, South West Ethiopia

Abstract

Introduction: Macrosomia is defined as birth weight of 4,000 g and above irrespective of gestational age and affects 3-15% of all pregnancies. Multiple factors and maternal, fetal and neonatal complication are related with fetal macrosomia [1]. Objective: The aim of this study to determine incidence of macrocosmic deliveries, maternal, fetal and neonatal complication of macrosomia in Jimma specialized Hospital from April to December, 2015 Methods: AHospital based Cohort control study design was conducted. A total of 122macrocosmic neonates whose weight was >=4000 gm. were selected for Cases and 244 normal birth weight(Normosomia), neonates whose weight was between 2,500–3,999 gm. were selected for the controls using simple random sampling technique. Data were collected from the patients directly, charts and from managing team when the information missed or unclear. The collected data were cleared, coded and entered into SPSS version 20 for analysis.. Bivariateand multivariate regression was used to identify the factors associated with macrosomia, Chi square and t-independent test used to see maternal, fetal and neonatal complication .RR calculated by using openEpi epidemiologic statistics. The results of the study were presented by text,tables and figures based on the types of data.Results:The incidence of macrosomia was 3.3% among 3658 total deliveries in study period. Male sex of the infant six times increases the risk of macrosomia (RR=5.9, 95%CI: 1.68-20.7) Obstructed labor ,postpartum hemorrhage, anemia ,high rate of cesarean delivery were higher in mothers of macrosomic neonate and birth trauma was eight to nine times in macrosomic fetus and perinatal asphyxia seven times,hypoglycemia ten times and neonatal sepsis three times higher in macrosomic fetus and Macrosomia was an independent factor for poor maternal outcome. Conclusion: Male infant was an independent risk factor for macrosomia, and macrosomia was an independent risk factor for poor maternal and neonataloutcome.