Levels and predictors of adherence to self-care behaviour and glycaemic control among adult type 2 diabetics at Arba minch general hospital, southern Ethiopia

Abstract

Diabetes self-care behaviour adherence is considered to be the cornerstone in diabetes care. Hence, the success of long-term maintenance therapy for diabetes depends largely on the patients‟ adherence with self-care behaviour. Objective: To assess Levels and Predictors of Adherence to self-Care Behaviour and Glycaemic Control among Adult Type 2 Diabetics at Arba Minch General Hospital, Southern Ethiopia. Method: An institutional based cross sectional study was conducted from [15th -February to 15th -March, 2015] and data were collected by using interviewer administered questionnaires. The data were entered into EPI-DATA version 3.1, and analysed by Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20.0. Descriptive statistics were used for most variables; a bivariate analysis was employed to determine the presence of the association between glycaemic control and self-care behaviour with other variables at P-value less than 0.05. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify independent predictors of glycaemic control and self-care behaviour adherence. Results: A total of 194 type 2 diabetic patients were participated in this study. Mean age of participants was 50.3(±13.2) years, 44.8% had good glycaemic control and 41.2% had good self-care behaviour adherence. Age 35-44 years [AOR=7.025, 95%CI=2.521, 19.578]; diabetes onset at 35-44 years [AOR=7.324, 95%CI=2.587, 20.732]; poor risk reduction [AOR=0.10, 95%CI 0.0012, 0.828]; poor physical activity [AOR=0.20, 95% CI= 0.002, 0.242] and poor self-care behaviour adherence [AOR=0.129, 95% CI=0.03, 0.552] were independent predictors of good glycaemic control. Age 35-44 years [AOR=13.4, 95% CI=1.582, 113.56], Monthly income <750.00 birr [AOR=0.340, 95% CI=0.119, 0.976] and age at diabetes onset 15-24 years [AOR=11.3, 95% CI=2.621, 49.065] were independent predictors of self-care behaviour adherence. Conclusion: In our study area adherence to self-care behaviour and glycaemic control of the study subjects were low. So strategies that can improve these discrepancies like provision of diabetes self-care education and counselling especially on importance of self-monitoring of blood glucose, physical activity and problem solving and provision of training on up-dates of diabetes for professionals caring for patients in the hospital should be considered by responsible bodies.