Prevalence and Associated Factors of Maternal Postnatal Depression in Loma District, Dawuro Zone, Southern Nations and Nationalities People Region, South West Ethiopia, Community Based Cross-Sectional

Abstract

Back ground: Maternal Post partum depression (PPD), also known as postnatal depression (PND) is a type of depression that affects some women after having a baby. Typically it develops within four to six weeks after giving birth, but sometimes takes several months to appear. Usually there is no clear reason for the depression. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess prevalence and associated factors of Maternal postnatal depression within a year of child birth in the Loma district, Dawuro zone, Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Region. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on randomly selected 441 postnatal women from April 8-15, 2014. Data were collected by face to face interview by using semi structured questionnaire. Women who has scored greater than or equal to 3 for WHO Self reporting questionnaire was considered as having postnatal depression. To identify independent predictors of postnatal depression, multivariate logistic regression was used. Results: A total of 441 postnatal mothers were screened for PPD by using WHO SRQ 20. Ninety five mothers scored >=3 points corresponding to a prevalence of possible PPD at 21.5% (95/441). In multivariate analysis post natal women whose husband has polygamy marriage were 67% more likely to develop PND than whose husband has monogamy marriage type, AOR=0.3331; 95CI(0.174-0.638), a Postnatal woman whose husband uses substance were 65% more likely to develop PND than whose husband doesn’t use substance, AOR=1 .653; 95CI( 1.532-4.635), a woman who has history of IPV during the last 12 months were 1.852 times more likely to develop PPD than non violated woman, AOR=1.852;95CI(1.113-3.08), food insecured women were 45% more likely to develop maternal PND than food secured women, AOR=0.551;95%CI(0.333-0.912),a women with unplanned last birth were 2.645times more likely to develop maternal PND than a women whose last pregnancy were planned AOR=2.645;95%;CI (1.58-4.43),also a women whose last birth were for the first time were2.781 times more likely to develop PND than a women whose last delivery were two and above,AOR=2.781;95%C(1.48-5.23). Conclusion and Recommendation: PPD a common maternal health problem in Dawuro zone Loma District, thus strengthening of early screening, providing treatment and strengthing of referral system of postnatal mothers who had developed depression is important to reduce its prevalence.Woreda health office should Provide integrated preventive activities with stake holders especially Women youth and children affair office, and A griculture office to reduce the risk factors to maternal postnatal depression.