Hematological parameters and its association with typhoid infection among typhoid suspected individuals at shanan gibe hospital, jimma south west Ethiopia

Abstract

Salmonella species are easy to multiply in the blood stream and affects all system of the body. Salmonella infection is one of the major public health problems worldwide. Hematological abnormalities are common in typhoid patients, anemia, leucopenia, neutrophilia and thrombocytopenia are the commonest one. Thus a specific diagnosis and determination of hematological parameters are required for initiating and monitoring of the disease. Objective:To determine hematological parameters and its association with typhoid infection patientsat Shanan gibe hospital Jimma,Southwest Ethiopia. Methodology: Hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted from January 30, 2019 to August 30, 2019 at Shanan gibe hospital which is a generalized hospital located in Jimma city. The study was conducted among 394 subjects suspected of typhoid fever whom selected consecutively. Sociodemographic data were collected by structured questionnaire.Four milliliter (4ml) of EDTA anticoagulated whole blood was collected by venous sample collection method for Complete blood count, Blood film, and Widal test. Complete blood count was done byHumacount 30TS/80TSautomatic hematology analyzer,Germany,humangmbh campony, where as widal test was performed by using the “O and H” antigen reagent on direct slide method and tube titration. Demographic data were edited, coded, and entered into Epi-data version 3.1 and exported to statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 20 for analysis by using of t-test and chi-square in addition to descriptive statistics. Result:A total of 384/394 (97.5% response) cases of suspected typhoid fever were taken for final analysis,out of which Widal test titer reactive were 41(10.7%) and 343 (89.3% negative. There were 226 (58.9%) males and 158(41.1%) females.the participants in this study with the mean ± SD age were 26.31±12.93 years. In this study, there were significant mean difference of WBC, (p=0.04), RBC (p=0.00), Hb (p= 0.00), platelet count (p < 0.000), neutrophil counts (p = 0.03), mixed count (p=0.006) and MCV (p=0.04) among typhoid confirmed patients as compared to typhoid negative patients. Additionally, significant association of hematologic parameters were WBC, RBC, HGB, PLT, Neutrophil, and mixed (p<0.05) observed.Maximum number of the typhoid suspected patients were seen with leucopenia, 201(52.3%), anemia198 (51.6%) and neutrophilia, 159(41.1%); besides, patients also presented with 134(35.7%) lymphopenia, 134(34.9%) thrombocytopenia76 (19.8%) neutropenia, 105(27.3%) midgranulopenia, 62(16.1%) mid-granulocytosis, 70(18.2%) lymphocytosis, 51(13.3%) leukocytosis and thrombocytosis18 (4.7%) were observed respectively. Conclusion and recommendation: Typhoid fever has significantly associated with hematological parameters therefore complete blood count is important. The major abnormalities observed in typhoid suspected patients were leucopenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, neutrophilia and also mid granulopenia. Hematological change of WBC, platelet, neutrophil, mixed and hemoglobin may give as aclue for diagnosis of typhoid fever and used as valuable aids in patient’s clinical management.