Prevalence of hypertension and associated factors among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at diabetes follow up clinic of jimma university medical center (jumc):

Abstract

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of hypertension among adult type 2 diabetic patients and to identify risk factors that may affect the development of hypertension in those patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2017 to June 2016 in Jimma University Medical Center (JUMC) diabetes follow-up clinic in Jimma, Ethiopia. A total of 301 diabetic type 2 patients were included in this study .Data was obtained directly from patients through interview and review of their medical files. Simple random sampling was used for the selection of study participants. Data was checked for completeness and entered into SPSS 21 for descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to describe findings. A bivariate analysis was run to sort variables candidate for multiple logistic regression having value less or equals to 0.2. Multiple logistic regression analyses was conducted to identify factors independently associated with the dependent variable. Finally, association was declared with P-value less than 0.05. Results: In our study, prevalence of hypertension was noted in 170 (56.5%) patients. Hypertension was present in 61 (53%) females and 109 (59%) males. Majority of hypertensive patients, 130(76.5%) were 50 to 69 years old. Family history of hypertension was present in 29(17.1%) of hypertensive patients and only in 6(4.6%) of non-hypertensive patients. Obesity was present 34(20%) of hypertensives whereas only 1(0.8%) of them was normotensive. Overweight on the other hand, was present in 50.6% of hypertensives and in 30.5% of non-hypertensives. Conclusion: The prevalence of hypertension in patients with DM in this study very high. Abnormal BMI, reflected by both obesity and overweight was the most common modifiable risk factor identified along with age and family history of hypertension. Therefore, addressing obesity and overweight through life style modification, dietary advice and medical therapies should be undertaken. Enforcing measures for detecting and managing hypertension in patients with diabetes is the most effective things that can be done to prevent adverse events. Hence, intervention measures should be undertaken and earlier more aggressive blood pressure control are likely to offer the greatest promise for reducing the incidence of complications and its associated mortality.