Prevalence and associated factors of depression and anxiety among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis attending treatment at public health facilities in jimma zone, southwest Ethiopia, 2019.

Abstract

Background: Depression and anxiety are the most commonly occurring psychiatric comorbidities among patients with Tuberculosis. When anxiety and depression co-occur in Tuberculosis patients they result in poor adherence to anti tuberculosis medication. This in turn results in lower success rate of Tuberculosis treatment and upsurges morbidity and mortality. Objective: To assess prevalence and associated factors of depression and anxiety among pulmonary tuberculosis patients on follow up treatment at health facilities in Jimma zone, 2019. Methods: Facility based cross sectional study was conducted from April -May, 2019.Data was collected from 410 pulmonary tuberculosis patients using Hospital anxiety and depression scale through face to face interview. Data was entered into Epi data version3.1 and analyzed by Statistical Package for social sciences version 23. Binary logistic regression was used to test the association between an outcome variable and explanatory variable. To declare independent association multiple logistic regression models was done and adjusted odd ratio with 95 % CI was calculated. P-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result: Prevalence of depression and anxiety among Pulmonary tuberculosis patients were 229 (55.9 %) and 224(54.6 %) respectively. After adjusted for the effect of potential confounding variables, the odds of having depression were 3.6 times higher among those who had high perceived stress[AOR=3.6(1.97, 6.56)].Perceived Tuberculosis stigma [AOR=9.31(5.02, 17.26)], Family history of mental illness [AOR=4.03(1.59,10.23)] and Low body mass index [AOR=2.01(1.08,3.73)] were significantly associated with depression. Strong social support [AOR=0.22 95%CI (0.08, 0.54) was found to be protective factor for depression. Females were 2.36 times more likely to have anxiety [AOR=2.36 (1.35, 4.13)]. Perceived Tuberculosis stigma [AOR=3.84 (2.14, 6.90)], High perceived stress [AOR=4.51(2.57, 7.91)] and family history of mental illness [AOR=2.58 (1.16, 5.74)] had significant association with anxiety. Conclusion and Recommendation: More than half of the study participants were found to have probable depression and anxiety. Perceived Tuberclosis stigma, high perceived stress, low body mass index and family history of mental illness were significantly associated with both depression and anxiety. Routine screening of depression and anxiety with particular attention provided to patients with identified risk factors has of paramount importance.