Histopathologic patterns of primary bone tumors and tumor like lesions in jimma university medical center, jimma, south west Ethiopia: a five year cross sectional retrospective study.

Abstract

Background: Great morphologic diversity and clinical behaviors were exhibited by primary bone tumors—from benign to aggressively malignant. Overall, matrix-producing and fibrous tumors are the foremost common, and among the benign tumors, osteochondroma and fibrous cortical defect occur most often. Osteosarcoma is that the commonest primary bone cancer, followed by chondrosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma. Benign tumors greatly outnumber their malignant counterparts, particularly before the age of 40 years; bone tumors in elderly persons are far more likely to be malignant. Most bone tumors develop during the primary several decades of life and have a propensity to originate within the long bones of the extremities. Methods: A cross sectional retrospective descriptive study design was applied for patients seen at JUMC pathology department services with primary bone tumors and tumor like lesions from September 2014 to August 2019. Data was collected using structured check lists from the patient’s biopsy report record in pathology department manually by histopathology technicians working in the department. Data was entered into Epi data v.3.1. , cleared and exported to SPSS V.26 for analysis. Descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean and cross tabulation were used for analysis. Before the study begins ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of JUMC. Result A total of 121 cases of primary bone lesions were diagnosed between August 2014 and September 2019 at pathology department, JUMC South West Ethiopia. Seventy five (61.79%) were males and 46(38.21%) were females patients with male to female ratio of 1.63:1 with mean age of 22.57±15.17 years and age range of 1-85 years. Sixty-four cases (53.71%) were benign, 21(16.53%) were tumor like lesions, and 36(29.75%) were malignant. Osteochondroma is the most common of all tumors, 34 cases (28.10%) and the most common benign tumor representing 53.71%. Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant tumor, 30 cases (24.79%) of all lesions and 83.33% of malignant tumors. Conclusion: The result of this study showed that the distribution of primary bone lesions varies with age, sex and anatomic site. Cartilage forming tumors are the most common primary tumors of bone. The most common benign tumor is osteochondroma followed by chondroma and the most common malignant tumor is osteosarcoma followed by chondrosarcoma.