Pattern and distributionof primary malignant lesions of oral and maxillofacial regions in patients treated at jimma university medical center,a 5 years retrospective study

Abstract

Background: - Theprimary malignant lesions of oral and maxillofacial regions may refer to any cancers originating in the oral cavity, and jaw bones of mandible and maxilla. Locally destructive effects of these tumors, or their treatment, can have a damaging effect on the lives of patients by affecting their appearance; the vital functions of breathing, swallowing, talking and the senses of taste. These devastating effect and lack of any study in this specific area in Ethiopia has prompted us to propose this study. Objective; This study aims to determine the pattern and distribution of primary malignant lesions of oral and maxillofacial regions in Jimma university medical center. Methodology; All patients’ record (83)ofprimarymalignant lesionsof oral and maxillofacial regions from Jul 1/2015 to Jun 30/2019 were retrieved from Jimma university medical center, maxillofacial unit registry. Reports with doubtful diagnosis, incomplete records and benign tumors were excluded. Finally, (77) eligible patients’ data were collected, summarized and analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 program. Frequencies, percentages, cross tabulation of different variables were determined.The result was presented using figures and tables. Result and discussion; The mean age of all patients was 46.66 years (SD± 17.249, range: 12 to 85 years). The overall male to female ratio was 2:1. Oral tongue was the most frequently involved site (19.48%). Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was the most common specific histological type comprising of 49.35% followed by mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) 18.18 %. Most of the patients 52 (67.5%) had history of exposure to predisposing factors. Conclusion and recommendation; Majority of primary malignant lesions of OMFR occurred in males and older adults were the mostcommonly affected age groups. Most of the patients’ particularly younger adults had a history of exposure to predisposing factors. Creating increased awareness among peoples and providing health education about OMFRcancers and its prevention helpful in minimizing the diseases and early detection at its curable stages.