Prevalenceof smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis among patients visiting bedele town hospital, illubabor zone, oromia region, south west Ethiopia

Abstract

Background: - Tuberculosis is one of the public health problems in the world.One third of the world population is infected with the latent form of tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is greatest killer worldwide due to single infection next to HIV. Ninety-five percent cases and 98% deaths due to TB occur in developing countries especially in East Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. Objective: - To determine the prevalence of smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis among suspected patients attending at Bedele hospitallaboratory during the study period. Method: - A cross –sectional study design will be conducted in Bedele hospital from 20/02/2016 to 5/03/2016. All sputum samples from all suspected patients of pulmonary tuberculosis will be collected in the study period. Sputum sample will be collected, up to three specimen may need to be examined to detect M-TB in sputum, one specimen should be collected as an early morning sputum.And examined for Acid fast bacilli (AFB) using Zeihl Nelson staining method.The ziehel-Nelson (Zn) technique is used to stain mycobacterium species, including M. tuberculosis, M. ulcerans and M.leprae. Mycobacterium, unlike most other bacteria, do not stained with carbolfuchin combined with phenol. The stain binds to the mycolic acid in the mycobacterium cell wall. After stainig, an acid decolorizing solution is applied. This remove the red dyes from the background cells, tissue fibers and any organisms except mycobacterium which retain ( hold fast to) the dye and are therefore reffered to as acid fast bacilli (AFB) following decolorization the smear is counter stained with malachite green or methylen blue which stain the background material, providing a contrast colour against which the red AFB can be seen.then examine microscopically.Socio demographic and risk factor data will be collected by using questionnaires.