The rate of surgical site infection and associated factors among surgical patients admitted to postoperative ward of attat hospital, south Ethiopia, from january 1 to august 30, 2018.

Abstract

Back ground: surgical site infection is the first leading infection among common nosocomial infection bearing significant burden among hospitalized patients. Despite it imposes significant burden on clinical care through increasing morbidity and mortality of patients. Moreover found to have significant economic burden in health care settings via prolonged hospitalization secondary to surgical site infection. Though multiple studies identified various factors such as type of operation , antimicrobial prophylaxis ,patients related factors as predictors ,nothing have been observed to be done particularly in developing setups to pave its burden . Thus we found so curious to conduct this study to determine rate of surgical site infection and associated factors among postoperative patients in our setup. Objective: This study aimed at determining rate of surgical site infection and associated factors among postoperative patients at Attat Hospital, southwest Ethiopia from February1 to August 30, 2018 . Method & Result: A cross sectional observational study was conducted recruiting consecutively among 121 postoperative patients admitted during study period at Attat Hospital ,southwest Ethiopia . Female respondents account for three quarter of the enrolments and the mean age of respondents were 29.59 ± 10.1(SD) in age range of [18-60]in years. Emergency cases , accounts for 79.3% while the rest were elective. Major surgery, accounting for about 81% of total. It was also revealed that about 16.5% were found to have predisposing factor for infection. Cesarean section reported in 56.2%.rate of SSI was revealed to be 35%, over half (56%) of respondents whom found to develop surgical site infections and organ space reported in about 20% of cases diagnosed with surgical site infection. Though multiple patients related and procedure related variable found as risk factors in our study about five variable was observed as a predictor for surgical site infection. Preoperative hospital stay longer than 24hoursAOR 14.110(1.264;157.42), Laparotomy procedure AOR 30.774(2.057;460.286). Presence of infection predisposing factor AOR38.932(4.015;377.481), not following protocol for standard care bundle for surgical site infection prevention on antibiotics AOR 4.542(1.330;15.514),not following protocol for standard care bundle for surgical site infection prevention on antiseptics AOR3.402(1.036;11.172). Conclusion: surgical site infection was revealed to be prevalent among our sample accounting for 35%. Preoperative hospital stay longer than 24 hour, Laparotomy procedure, Presence of infection predisposing factor, not following protocol for standard care bundle for surgical site infection prevention on antibiotics, not following protocol for standard care bundle for surgical site infection prevention on antiseptics were identified in our study as significant predictors for surgical site infection. It was found wrathful if we stick to per protocol meeting minimum standards and considering patients perspective in basing surgical care decision to be comprehensive via which reducing morbidity and mortality imposed by surgical site infection.