Treatment Outcome of Tuberculosis and Associated Factors at Jimma University Specialized Hospital and Ommo-Nada Training Health Center, South West Ethiopia

Abstract

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death from a curable infectious disease. Several risk factors for poor tuberculosis treatment outcomes have been reported. Monitoring the treatment outcome of TB is essential in order to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of TB intervention programs. Objective: The main objective of this study was to assess treatment outcome of tuberculosis and associated factors for treatment outcomes at Jimma University Specialized Hospital and Ommo-Nada Training Health Center. Patients and Methods: A general retrospective cohort study was employed and data were collected through medical record review of tuberculosis patients. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences of windows version 16. Binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine factors that were associated with treatment outcomes of tuberculosis and its independent predictors. P-value 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Privacy and confidentiality was secured during the data collection. Results: Out of the total 2107 TB patients, 59.2% were male with a mean age of 29.5 ±1.31 years and of those patients, successfully treated were 1504 (85.9%). In the multivariate logistic regression model, age range of (35-44.9 years(AOR=6.5, 95% CI: 3.2-13.4),45-54.9years(AOR=12.4, 95% CI: 5.9-26.2),55-64.9 years(AOR=26.9, 95% CI:11.3-64.2) and greater than or equal to 65years(AOR=25.93, 95% CI: 6.9- 98.3);male patients (AOR=2.9, 95% CI: 1.9-4.5);rural residence(AOR=3.07, 95% CI: 2.08-4.53);being at prison (AOR=2.67, 95% CI: 1.11-6.37);retreatment with anti-tuberculosis medications (AOR=1.9, 95% CI: 1.25-2.89);smear negative tuberculosis (AOR=6.7,95% CI: 4.2-10.7); extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (AOR=5.2, 95% CI: 3.1- 8.7); tuberculosis patient with HIV who didn’t start co-trimoxazole preventive therapy (AOR=58.6, 95% CI: 6.7-507.8); tuberculosis patient with HIV who didn’t start antiretroviral treatment(AOR=10.5, 95% CI: 1.4-77.5);were identified as independent risk factors for poor treatment outcome. Conclusions: Treatment outcome among tuberculosis patients was satisfactory in the study area. Male gender, age greater than 35 years, smear negative and extrapulmonary tuberculosis, retreatment with anti-tuberculosis medications, rural residence, being at prison, TB-HIV co-infection without co-trimoxazole preventive therapy and antiretroviral therapy, and treatment years of 2001 and 2002 were known to be independent predictors of poor treatment outcome among tuberculosis patients in the study area.