Assessment 0fartificial insemiation status and its related problem of dairy cows in decha woreda, kaffa zone, south west ethiopia

Abstract

Artificial insemination has been defined as a process by which sperm is collected from the male, processed, stored, and artificially introduced into the female reproductive tract for the purpose of conception. This study was conducted from August to December 2019, to evaluate the dairy cow improvement through artificial insemination and challenges in Decha district, Kaffa zone, Southwestern Ethiopia. Six PAs (Beha, Awurada, ufa, Kuti, Gundera Gera, and Gecha) were purposively selected for the study. A total of 525 artificially inseminated cow owners and 9 officers and artificial inseminators were selected using the same procedure. Dairy farm on site observation and structured questionnaire survey were used to gather data. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS and descriptive statistics such as frequency and percentage. From the total of 525 dairy cows inseminated in the two years’ program (2017 and 2018) about 58.8% were successful and produced calves, while, the rest conception was failed. Multiple reasons (heat detection problem (28%), lack of awareness (18%), lack of infrastructures (16%), management problem (14%), low experience of AIT (6%), disease problems (12%), lack of incentive to the technicians and cow owners (6%) were reported for the failure. The majority (50%) of the respondents brought cows at heat during evening hours followed by those in morning hours (33.33%) a less number of cow owners (8.89%) commenced heat during afternoon hours and the rest (7.78%) of respondents didn’t know the exact time of commencement of heat of their animals. The result also showed that the cow’s heat period detection mechanism varies among farmers. The majority of (52.22%) observing their cow heat period when mounting one on other cows, restless and other cows bellowing behavior (27.7%) and by vulva discharge (20%).From the artificial inseminated cow owners 58.57% of them were feed their animal from their own crop farm but others (41.43%) use common grazing land. About 87.05% of the cow owners kept their cattle in their own houses and clean every day, but the rest (12.95%) had no houses. As result of this study almost all respondents in the study area didn’t plant the improved forages. This is because of shortage of land (73.1%), lack of awareness, (23%) and lack of interest (3.9%). About % respondents in the study area feed their cattle by let to graze in grazing land and 29.8% of them tethering in grazing land and the rest 5.2% feed their cows indoor feeding system. As result of this study indicated 46% of respondents were as far as 500m and 39.2% of respondents far between 500m to 2km and 6.8% far between 2km to10km and 8.1% far above 10km from the veterinary service. Extensive awareness creation among farmers, quality and adequate artificial insemination facility and trained technicians are recommending to make program more effective and successful.