Prevalence and factors associated with depressive disorders among adult patients with cardiovascular disease at outpatient cardiac clinic in jimma university teaching hospital, south west Ethiopia

Abstract

Background: Depression and heart disease are important public-health problem. These two syndromes are among the top leading causes of disease burden worldwide. Depression is one of the most prevalent and disabling psychiatric disorders with more than three times increased risk among patients with cardiovascular disorders (CVD). They have bidirectional association. In addition, depression worsense the outcome of CVD when it coe-exist especially with this syndrome. Despite the importance of knowledge regarding the prevalence rate and associated factors of depressive disorders among adult patients with cardiovascular disease, there is a scarcity of literature from Ethiopia and perhaps from Subsaharan African countries where the available health care system gives priority mainly to physical health conditions neglecting or being unaware of the enormous impact of mental health disorders on the morbidity, mortality, productivity and quality of lifepatients with physical illnese in general and the impact of depression on patients with CVD in particular. Objective: To estimate the prevalence and toidentify factors associated with depressive disorders among adult patients with cardiovascular disease. Method: Tertiary teaching hospital-based cross-sectional study design was used. This study was condacted on 293 study participants attending outpatient cardiac clinic at Jimma university teaching hospital (JUTH). Structured questionnaires were developed to collect information on socio-demographic, lifestyle, psychosocial and clinical and medication related characteristics of participants. Depression was assessed using patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Bivariate analysis was used to analyze the statistical association of covariates of interest with depressive disorder among patients with CVD. Then, multivariate logistic regression analysis was used as a final model to control for confounders. The significane of association was presented as odds ratios with 95% confidence interval. Results: A total of 293 adult patients diagnosed with cardiovascular disease were included in the study with 97 % (n=284) of response rate, 47.2% (n=134) males and 52.8% (n=150) females, making female to male ratio around 1.1:1. The prevalence of depression was 52.8% (n=150/284). Out of the subjects with depression 52.67% (n=79), 36.0% (n=54) and 11.33% (n=17) were mild, moderate and severe depression, respectively. Depression related employed and unemployed, physicaly active, current cigarette user and poor social support variable were independently associated with depression in the final model. Conclusion: In ths study depression was found to be highly prevalent psychiatric comorbidity in adult CVD patients. Timely recognization and treatment of depression should be important for reducing depression in patients with CVD.