Prevalence, Clinical profile and short-Term Outcome of Patients with Hypernatremia who admitted to Medical Ward and medical emergency department of jumc, Jimma Town, Southwest Ethiopia.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:Hyponatremia,definedasaserum sodium concentration[Na+]<135mEq/L.Itis themostcommonelectrolytedisorderencounteredinclinicalpractice.Therearemultiplecauses ofhyponatremiaamongmedicaladmissions.Theetiology,clinicalbehaviorandtheprognosisof hyponatremia vary widely.Findings from various researches showsthe prevalence of hyponatremia in hospitalized patients rangesbetween15%–30%.The Clinicalfeatures and outcomeofpatientswithhyponatremiadifferamongtheseverity,acutenessandothercomorbid conditions.However,therewasnoevidenceregardingitsprevalenceandclinicaloutcomes. Therefore,theobjectiveofthisstudywastoassesstheprevalence,clinicalprofileofpatients,risk factorsandshorttermoutcomeofpatientsadmittedwithHyponatremiainJUMC. MaterialsandMethods:Hospitalbasedcross-sectionalstudywasconductedfrom October25, 2021toJanuary30,2022 amongeligiblepatientsadmittedtoJimmauniversitymedicalcenter atmedicalwardandmedicalemergency.Atotalof307patientsadmittedinmedicalwardand medicalemergencydepartmentwereenrolledinthestudy.Detailedmedicalhistoryandclinical examinationwereperformedandastructuredquestionnairewasusedtocollectinformationon sociodemographiccharacteristics,clinicalprofileandshort-term outcomes.Serum sodium level wasalsodeterminedforeverypatientinvolvedinthestudy.Descriptiveanalysiswasperformed. Results:Themeanserum sodium levelamongtheparticipantswas137.5mmol/Landthe prevalenceofhyponatremiawas24.8%.Amonghyponatremicpatients,themeanagewas44.87 (SD=17.88)yearsandthecommonestagegrouprangesinbetween24-44years(40.7%).Mild hyponatremiaasthecommonesttypeseenin73.7%ofhyponatremicpatients.Riskfactorfor hyponatremiawasseenin50% ofhyponatremicpatients.Vomitingisthemostfrequent complainfollowedbysaltrestriction,medications.Hyponatremiawasfoundtobemoreprevalent inthosepatientswithunderlyingchronicillnessesthatseenin58(76.3%)patients.Hypertension isthemostfrequentlyobservedchronicillness.Majorityofhyponatremicpatients(61.8%)was asymptomaticandNausea/vomitingwasthemostfrequentsymptom observedin23(62.2%). Bodyswellingisobservedin36(47.4%)ofpatientsand19(25%)ofpatientshadatlistonerecord ofhypertension.Themeanlengthofhospitalstaywas14.16(SD =10.18)days.Shortterm outcome;72.3%ofpatientswasdischargedimprovedwhile5(6.6%)ofthemdiedinhospital. Conclusion:HyponatremiaisfoundtobeprevalentamonghospitalizedpatientsinJimma Universitymedicalcentermedicalwardandmedicalemergency,Jimma,Ethiopia.Itisalso identifiedthatHyponatremiaisprevalentinpatientswithchronicillnesses,saltrestrictedpatients andpatientstakingdiuretics.wethusrecommendthatallhospitalizedpatientsshouldhavea serum sodium analysisduringtheiradmissionandforthosewithidentifiedriskfactorswe stronglyrecommendtobeseriallyfollowedduringtheirhospitalstayandduringtheiroutpatient follow-up