Prevalence of Bacterial Osteomyelitis and Anti Biotic Susceptibility of Isolate at Jimma Medical Center, Jimma Town, South-West Ethiopia.

Abstract

Background: Osteomyelitis is an infection of the bone caused by microorganisms, most commonly bacteria. The infection can affect people of all ages and any bone. The three routes of acquisition of infection are through blood stream, direct invasion and adjacent soft tissue infection. Without treatment or in the events of treatment failure it becomes a chronic disease and causes disability and morbidity. Updated knowledge on prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of osteomyelitis is essential for optimal management of patient. Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify prevalence of bacterial osteomyelitis and antibiotic susceptibility of isolates From December 2019 to November 2020 among patients at J M C Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted at JMC from December 1, 2019 to November 30, 2020.Culture were performed to isolate bacteria and antibiotic susceptibility was assessed as standard procedure (CLSI).Demographic and related clinical data were collected by using a structured questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS version 26 for statistical analysis. Findings were interpreted in the light of study objectives and conclusions and recommendations were drawn. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered as statically significant. Result; from a total of 119 participant the overall prevalence of bacterial osteomyelitis as evidenced by culture was 58.8% (70/119). Disease prevalence in male 82.9 %( 58/70) While the highest infected age group was 21-40 years (41.4%) femur was a high percentage of type of affected bone 29(41.4%).Seven different bacteria were identified. Staphylococcus aurous was the most frequently isolated pathogen which accounted for 27 (38.6%).E. coli were the second accounts 23(34.3%) followed by Streptococcus. spp6(8.6%),Acinitobacter5(7.1%),Pseudomonas aurogenosa 4(5.7%), provedentia 3(4.3%),kellebsiela 2(2.9%). 92.6% of S.aures are resistance for penicillin and 100% sensitive for gentamicin. All gram negative bacteria are resistance for ampicillin except providences spp and pseudomonas aurgenosa. . In our study MDR was observed in 46/70 (65.7%) of isolates. Of this 16/46(48.48%) Gram positive and 30/16 (81.1%) Gram negative bacteria respectively. ii Conclusion; S. aureus and E.coli were the predominant causes of osteomyelitis in our study. Ciprofloxacin was the most effective compared with other drugs tested against the Gram positive. Multi-drug resistance was detected in 65.7%% of the isolates. The bacteria are developing resistance to most of routinely used antibiotic. Appropriate selection of antibiotic based on culture result will help to treat the disease success fully and prevent spread of multi drug resistance