Incidence, contrbuting factors and birth outcomes of Placenta previa among mothers delivered in jimma Medical center south west ethiopia, a matched case Control study

Abstract

Background: - Placenta previa is abnormally placed placenta in the lower uterine segment, or when it covers the cervix totally. It Complicates 3-5 per 1000 pregnancies worldwide. It is raising because of increasing cesarean section rates. It is associated with severe maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Objective: - The main objective of this study was to assess incidence, contributing factors and birth outcomes of placenta previa among mothers delivered in Jimma Medical Center from November 2020 to September, 2021. Methodology:- A facility based observational matched case-control study design was employed, Controls are Matched with Cases with Age and Parity. Data was cleaned, coded, and entered into SPSS version 26.0 statistical software. Descriptive statistics was used to summarize categorical variables. Bi-variable and Multivariable Logistic Regression was employed to identify Association between Dependent and Independent variables. Adjusted Odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals and P value < 0.05 was considered statically significant. The results were compiled and presented in tables and graphs. Results: - The magnitude of Placenta Previa Observed was 15 in 1000 deliveries. Previous history of Spontaneous Incomplete Abortion [AOR 11.063; 95% CI: 1.41, 86.816] is significantly identified risk factor. A need for Blood Transfusion [AOR: 15.699; 95%CI, 4.284, 57.528] , Operation under General Anesthesia [AOR 6.268, 1.741, 22.569] , Hospital stay more than 4 days [AOR: 1.019 95%CI 1.007, 1.030] and Anemia with Hg < 11 g/dl [AOR; 8.215 95% CI 2.173, 31.054] are significantly identified maternal complications and Admission to NICU of newborns of placenta previa [AOR; 10.952 95%CI 1.374, 87.315] is significantly identified neonatal complication with P < 0.05. Conclusions: Previous History of Spontaneous Incomplete Abortion is significantly associated risk factors of Placenta Previa. Maternal Complications associated with Placenta Previa are a Need for Blood Transfusion, Anemia with Hg < 11 g/dl , Exposure to General Anesthesia and Prolonged Stay at Hospital Before Delivery. Neonatal complication of Placenta Previa found was increased risk of Admission to NICU