Antiretroviral Treatment Induced Dyslipidemia Versus Nutritional Status of HIV-Infected Children And Adolescents on Follow-Up at Comprehensive Chronic Care and Training Center of Jimma Medical Center

Abstract

Background: The use of highly Active antiretroviral treatment is beneficial to suppress human immune virus replication in infected individuals. However, dyslipidemia and other metabolic abnormalities have emerged as a result of highly active antiretroviral treatment. The prevalence of dyslipidemia in children and adolescents on antiretroviral treatment varies from 20% to 70%. The lack of children and adolescents data in the study area and the country is the base to conduct this study. Objectives: Was to determine the association of antiretroviral treatment induced dyslipidemia versus nutritional status of children and adolescents on follow-up at Jimma medical center from June 20 to October 10, 2022. Materials and method: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 150 children and adolescents on follow-up of Jimma medical center. A systematic sampling technique was employed. A structured interview was carried out to collect socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, and a careful review of medical record was carried out to collect patients’ clinical data. Anthropometric data were computed using CDC growth chart for 2-20 ages. About 3-5ml of non-fasting venous blood was collected to measure the total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to find the association between risk factors and lipid profile. Result: The overall prevalence of dyslipidemia in this study was 72%. About 72% and 21.3% of study subjects had abnormal low HDL-C and high triglyceride respectively. In multivariable logistic regression, significant associations were observed in BMI for age (AOR 2.02 95% CI: 1.14-3.66; P=0.015) with abnormal low HDL-C, long treatment duration (AOR 1.02 95% CI: 1.00-1.03; P=0.01) with high triglyceride, BMI for age (AOR 1.86 95% CI: 1.03-1.37; P=0.04) with high triglyceride and parent’s educational level with non-dyslipidemia. Conclusion and recommendation: It is recommended that monitoring of lipid profiles should be part of clinical follow up for children and adolescents on treatment at JMC with continued nutritional status assessment.