Perinatal outcomes of women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in jimma medical center, southwest Ethiopia: retrospective cohort study

Abstract

Background: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) increased adverse perinatal outcomes in women with the disorder. About 16% of all still birth and 10% of early neonatal deaths were accounted by pregnancies complicated by HDP. In Ethiopia, HDP complicate about 6% of all pregnancies but, the risk of perinatal outcome is more daunting. Hence, this study aims to determine the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes among women with HDP in Jimma medical center, southwest Ethiopia Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on a total of 777 women gave birth between June 2017 to March 2020 at Jimma Medical Center, southwest Ethiopia. Women who gave birth at 28 weeks of gestation and above with HDP were enrolled as exposed and normotensive women as unexposed group. Simple random sampling technique without replacement method was used after preparing sampling frame independently for both groups. Data were reviewed using structured data collection format that prepared after reviewing relevant literatures. Data were entered to Epi-Data manager version 3.1 and exported to STATA version 13 for analysis. The adverse perinatal outcomes risk were examined using log binomial and modified Poisson regression model with robust standard errors. Results: In this study, the overall incidence of adverse perinatal outcome was higher among women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) than normotensive women (64.1% versus 32.8%). After adjusted for confounders women with HDP were at higher risk of babies with low birth weight (adjusted RR= 2.88 at 95% CI:(2.2, 3.75)), preterm birth(aRR= 2.31(1.7, 3.14)), fifth minute low Apgar score (aRR = 2.6(1.53, 4.42)), admission to neonatal intensive care unit (aRR=1.77(1.32, 2.37), stillbirth (aRR=2.02(1.11, 3.01)), and perinatal mortality (aRR=3.88(1.97, 7.66)) than normotensive women. Conclusion: women with hypertensive disorder of pregnancy were at higher risk of adverse perinatal outcomes than normotensive women gave birth at Jimma Medical Center, southwest Ethiopia. Hence, programmers and health care providers; design intervention for better perinatal outcomes and strengthen the primary prevention, secondary prevention and treatment strategy to improve better perinatal outcomes.