Determinants of tuberculosis treatment outcomes among tuberculosis patients Treated in gebretsadik-shawo general hospital, southwest ethiopia (jan 2014-dec 2021); a case-control study.

Abstract

Background : -The determinants of unsuccessful tuberculosis treatment outcome were bacteriologically confirmed tuberculosis, retreatment category of tuberculosis, pretreatment body mass index less than 18.5kg/m2 and unemployed. But negative sputum smear result at the end of second month was determinant of Successful treatment outcome. The Successful tuberculosis treatment outcome was low (74.5%). Objective: The objective of the current study was to identify determinants of tuberculosis treatment outcomes among patients treated with full course of Directly Observed Treatment- Short course program in Gebretsadik Shawo General Hospital from Jan 1, 2014 to Dec30, 2021 Methods : Analysis of 8 years hospital-based retrospective case control study was conducted using simple random sampling technique to select 72 cases and 210 controls with a total of 282 samples from tuberculosis patients who were registered from 2014 to 2021 in Gebretsadik Shawo General Hospital in Bonga town. The data were collected by document review using structured data extraction checklist. Data were analyzed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 23. A bi-variable and Multi-variable logistic regression analysis was employed to determine the factors associated with poor treatment outcome. A P-value less than 0.05 with an adjusted odds ratio with 95% confident interval was used to evaluate the strength of association and its statistical significance. Results: In case of type of tuberculosis, bacteriologically confirmed Pulmonary Tuberculosis (AOR =5.739, 95%CI: 1.599-20.6), retreatment category of TB patients (AOR=11.254, 95%CI: 4.59-27.597), pretreatment body mass index less than 18.5kg/m2 AOR=2.335, 95%CI: 1.244- 4.381) and occupation of non-employee (AOR=4.932, 95%CI: 1.576-15.433) were significantly associated with poor tuberculosis treatment outcome. Poor treatment outcome is high (25.5%) as compared to W.H.O. targets to decline the poor treatment outcome to 5 to 10%. Conclusion and Recommendations : Poor treatment outcome of tuberculosis is high (25.5%) and significantly associated with smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis(PTB), re-treatment category, pretreatment body mass index of tuberculosis patients less than 18.5kg/m2 and non- employed characteristics of individual patients. Hence Gebretsadik shawo general Hospital should carefully follow patients’ dose, tracing defaulters, providing, nutritional treatment, medical advice and health education for tuberculosis patients with very low pretreatment body mass index and non-employment patients on directly observed treatment short-course