Determinants of adverse neonatal birth outcomes Among mothers who gave birth at hospitals in Jimma zone, ethiopia: facility based unmatched Case-control study

Abstract

Back ground: The magnitude of perinatal mortality in Ethiopia was among the highest in Sub Saharan Africa. Hence, achievement of reducing perinatal and neonatal death is strongly influenced by the number of adverse birth outcomes. Therefore identifying those problems is a priority area to give policy insight and recommendations. The aim of the study was to determine the factors associated with adverse birth outcome. Methods: Unmatched case control study was conducted on 127 cases and 381 controls with a total of 518 samples by proportional allocation; from June 1- 30/2022. Data was collected through face to face interview and using data extraction sheet from delivery, Voluntary Counseling and Testing and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit registration book. Both cases and controls were selected by convenience as it is homogeneous population Binary and Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed at significance level of p value ≤ 0.25 0.05 respectively. Findings: In this study, 381 controls and 127 cases were involved with a response rate of 98.06%. In multivariable analysis, Multigravida [AOR=3.769, 95% CI (2.295, 6.188)], Residence [AOR=1.921, 95% CI (1.156, 3.190)], Female Genital Mutilation [AOR=2.88, 95% CI (1.569, 5.285)], Being male baby [AOR=3.935, 95% CI (2.388,6.483)], Presence of preexisting medical condition [AOR=1.737, 95% CI (1.005,3.003)], Drinking alcohol [AOR=2.28, 95% CI (1.175,4.426)], Not Attending Focused Ante natal Care [AOR=1.963, 95% CI (1.190,3.238)] and Being delivered by Caesarean Delivery [AOR=0.124, 95% CI (0.059,0.259)] were significantly associated with adverse birth outcome. Conclusion Rural residence, multigravida, being a male baby, female genital mutilation, presence of preexisting medical condition, drinking alcohol, not attending full ante natal care, and delivery by caesarean delivery were factors which had associations with adverse birth outcomes. Therefore, providing appropriate information on the above mentioned factors is very important