Bacterial profile and antibiotics resistance pattern among adult patients suspected of having bloodstream infection at Jimma university medical center, Jimma, Southwest Ethiopia.

Abstract

Background: Bacterial bloodstream infections are a major public health problem, which cause high morbidity and mortality. A wide range of gram positive and gram negative bacteria have been isolated from patients with bloodstream infection. Bloodstream infection may have life-threatening outcome if not diagnosed and treated early. Objective: To determine bacterial profile and their antibiotics resistance pattern among adult patients suspected for bloodstream infection at Jimma University Medical Center, Ethiopia, 2019. Materials and Methods: hospital-based cross sectional study was conducted at Jimma University Medical Center from March 15, 2019 to September 30, 2019. Consecutives sampling technique was used. Ten ml (two 5ml from two different site) blood samples was collected aseptically from the study participant and inoculated into Tryptic Soya Broth and incubated at 37 0 c for 7 days. Pure colonies from culture plates that showed growth were further identified with a panel of biochemical tests to identify isolates. Antibiotic susceptibility test was then done for isolates. Data was entered into Epidata version 3.1 and analyzed by SPSS version 23. Logistic regression was used to determine relationship between dependent and independent variable with significance level at p<0.05. Result: A blood culture of 171 respondents was done of which, 30 (17.54%) were positive. The common bacteria isolated from blood culture were S. aureus 8 (26.67%), Coagulase negative Staphylococci 6 (20%) and E. coli 6 (20%). Less frequently isolates were Citrobacter spp. 2(6.67%) and P.auroginosa, Salmonella spp., S. pyogenes and S. pneumoniae which all account the same 1(3.33%). Gram positive and gram negative bacteria constituted 16 (53.33%) and 14 (46.67%) respectively. The range of resistance of Gram positive and Gram negative were from 0% (ciprofloxacin) – 93.7% (ampicillin), and 0% (Meropenem) – 100% (ampicillin) respectively. Educational level (no formal education p= 0.04) and having comorbid (p=0.003) were statistically significant factors for the occurrence of bloodstream infection. Conclusion: The overall culture confirmed prevalence rate of blood isolate was high. S. aureus and E. coli were the most common Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria causing bloodstream infection respectively in study area. More than 3/4 th of the isolated bacteria were multidrug resistant. Therefore physicians should have to consider bloodstream infection and manage patient as early as possible based on blood culture and antimicrobial sensitivity test