PATTERNS OF UPPER AND LOWER GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPIC FINDINGS AT ENDOSCOPY UNITY OF JIMMA UNIVERSITY SPECIALIZED HOSPITAL JIMMA, ETHIOPIA

Abstract

Abstract Background: GI disorders are common and costly conditions, yet they are often underreported, and their true burden is difficult to quantify. Current data suggest that the incidence and prevalence of these GI disorders, which includes the most common functional disorders, are generally increasing. Gastrointestinal endoscopy is a safe and effective means of visual inspection of gastrointestinal tract. The pattern of endoscopic findings of gastrointestinal tract disorders including gastro esophageal reflux (GERD), peptic ulcer diseases (PUD), upper and lower gastrointestinal malignancies and IBD was not studied recently in Jimma. The provision of therapeutic and diagnostic endoscopy service is limited in Jimma university specialized hospital as well as in our country and there is paucity of data in prevalence of GI disorders in GI endoscopy. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the pattern of endoscopic findings of gastrointestinal tract disorders in JUMC their association with independent variables and clinical indications Materials and Methods: A descriptive retrospective study was conducted by reviewing the report forms and charts. A pretested structured questionnaire which includes sociodemographic information, clinical characteristics, indications for GIE and findings on GIE prepared by reviewing literatures. All patients who underwent gastrointestinal endoscopy at Jimma university specialized hospital, endoscopy unit from September 9, 2021, G.C to September 8,2022 G.C was included in the study. All endoscopic procedure was done by gastroenterologist and the gastroenterologist document endoscopic findings of each patient in a prepared format. A total of 25,000 Ethiopian birr was used to conduct this study. Results A total of 489 patients who undergone upper and lower GI endoscopic evaluation for one year period of study were enrolled in this study, of which 435(89%) patients were evaluated with upper GI endoscopy. Patients age range was from 15-87 with mean age of 39.9 (SD±15.83). From patients who were evaluated for upper GI complaint 41.6% were below 35, and males account for 52% of patients evaluated for UGI disease. The leading indication of for UGI III endoscopy was dyspepsia (30.1%) followed by dysphagia (20.7%) and UGIB (18.4%). Among 435 patients who undergone UGIE 10(2.3%) patients have normal finding. Erosive gastritis was the most common finding found on 206 (47.35%) patients, followed by duodenal ulcer, GERD and esophageal Ca which are found on 138 (31.7%) ,78(17.9%) and 61(14%) patients respectively. From patients evaluated for LGIE 68.5% were males and 39% were above 45 years of age. Lower GI bleeding was the commonest indication for doing lower GIE (35.2%) followed by ruling out CRC (24%) and IBD (9.25%). Evaluation was normal in 5(9.25%) patients. Isolated haemorrhoid was the commonest finding found on 27(50%) patients followed by colorectal poly 9(16.6%) and colorectal Ca 4(7.4%). Conclusion Dyspepsia followed by dysphagia and UGIB was the commonest indication for UGIE in this study. Dyspepsia showed significant association with female sex (P-0.01) and dysphagia has significant association with older age(P<0.001) while UGI bleeding is common in young(P0.002). variceal bleeding was the commonest cause for UGIB in this study. Erosive gastritis was the commonest pathology identified on upper GI endoscopy, followed by DU and Esophageal ca. the prevalence of esophageal Ca is very high. The commonest indication for lower GI endoscopy was LGIB, followed by suspicion for CRC and IBD. Most of the pathologies identified in LGIE were benign. The number of colonoscopies reviewed in the study was small.