Prevalence of anemia and associated factors among stage 3-5 Chronic kidney disease patients, jumc, southwest ethiopia

Abstract

Background: Anemia is a common and serious complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD) that starts during the early stage of the disease and worsens as the kidney function deteriorates. It contributes considerably to reduced quality of life of patients with CKD and has been associated with a number of adverse clinical outcomes. Early identification and treatment of anemia may improve cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in CKD patients. Objective: To determine the prevalence of anemia and associated factors among non-dialysis (ND) CKD patients in Jimma Medical Center, Southwest Ethiopia. Methods and participants: An institution based cross sectional study was conducted among 150 CKD patients who were 18 years and above at JMC from September 1 to November 30, 2020 G.C. Two qualified nurses and one medical resident collected the relevant data through an investigator administered pretested questionnaire after taking verbal consent of participants. Data were entered using EPI data manager version 4.6 and analyzed using STATA version 16.0. Bi-variable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were done to identify independent factors associated with anemia among CKD patients. Those variables with a P-value <0.2 in the bivariate analysis was exported to multivariate analysis to control the possible effect of confounders. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95%CI and P-value <0.05 was used to select variables associated with anemia in CKD patients. Results: Out of 150 ND-CKD patients 128 (85.33%) were anaemic. From 128 anaemic ND-CKD patients, 40.67% had moderate aniemia, 28.67% had mild form of anemia, and 16% had severe anemia. Being in the 18-39 years age group (AOR= 4.05, 95% CI: 1.04-15.73) compared to those in the age group of 40-64 years old, being male (AOR= 4.92, 95% CI: 1.51-16.07), income < 1000 ETB per month (AOR= 4.13, 95% CI: 1.01-17.04) compared to those with income 1000-5000 ETB a month were found to have statistically significant association with anemia among CKD patients in Jimma medical center, Southwest Ethiopia. Conclusion: High number of ND-CKD patients were had anemia and most had moderate anemia. Age category of 18-39 years, male patients, and earning less than 1000 birr a month were independently associated with higher risk of anemia among ND-CKD patients. Further longitudinal studies were required to establish the causal relations of anemia among this population