Treatment outcomes and associated factors among acute coronary syndrome patients admitted to Jimma University Medical Centre, Jimma, Ethiopia: A five-year retrospective review

Abstract

Background: Acute coronary syndromes (ACS), which includes unstable angina and myocardial infarction (MI) with or without ST-segment elevation, are potentially lifethreatening cardiac conditions that remain a source of high morbidity and mortality despite advances in treatment. The burden of death is disproportionately higher in developing countries such as Ethiopia. However, information regarding treatment outcome remains limited. Objectives: To assess the treatment outcome of acute coronary syndrome and its associated factors among patients attending medical inpatient ward of Jimma University Medical Center, Jimma, Ethiopia from November 1st, 2017 to October 31st, 2022 Methods: A hospital based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among consecutive patients with acute coronary syndromes who were admitted to Jimma University Medical Center, Jimma, Ethiopia from November 1st, 2017 to October 31st, 2022. Data was collected using a structured checklist. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 26. Descriptive analysis was employed to summarize baseline characteristics and determine treatment outcome. Bivariable and multivariable regression analyses were employed to determine factors affecting poor treatment outcome. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was computed, and a p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Texts, tables and figures were used to present the results. Result: A total of 300 ACS patients were evaluated. , around forty seven (47.3%) had a STEMI diagnosis. The mean age of the patients was 56.41 (SD± 14.8.) years. The average duration of hospitalization was 9.86 days [SD ± 7.64].Around sixty-one (61.67%) patients had a history of hypertension, which was the main risk factor for the development of ACS. Most patients had Killip class I (43.36%) at presentation. Cardiogenic shock and Left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVEF<30%) were independent predictors of in hospital mortality. Conclusion: Our finding suggests most patients had STEMI as their primary diagnosis. The two main outcome predictors were congestive heart failure and cardiogenic shock.