Pattern, Associated Risk Factors And Management Outcome Of Pediatric Patients With Foreign Body Visiting Jimma Medical Center, Jimma Zone, Southwestern Ethiopia

Abstract

Background A foreign body (FB) is common and serious health problems affecting the world. It is the childhood inclination for exploration that results in the aspiration, insertion, and ingestion of foreign bodies (FBs) which make this clinical event to remain a problem as long as children remain naturally curious and are still common. Objective: To analyze the clinical spectrum of FBs, associated risk factors and management methods of pediatric patients with foreign body visiting JMC for a period of one year (January to December 2021) Methods: Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted for a period of one year (January to December 2021) in pediatric age group with any type of FBs.Data was collected by evaluating the patient, reviewing patient folder and operation log book by a pre structured data collection format. The data was analyzed by the statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 23. Descriptive statistical methods were used to summarize data on socio-demographic and clinical characteristics. The chi-square (χ2) test was used for statistical analyzing the relation between location of FB and other factors. A 'P' value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Result and discussion: A total of 84 patients with FB were approached for enrolment in the study. The overall age of the sample ranged from 1 to 12 years with the average age of 3.66 years. Majority of the patients (64.3%: n=54) were in the age of 1-4 years and the majority (52.4%; n = 44) of the participants were females and male participants accounts for n=40 (47.6%). The commonest location was in the ear and nose contributes for n=38(45.25%). The Commonest foreign body found was seeds (34.5%: n=29), followed by the any homemade metal or plastic material (n=17:20.2%) and food particles (n=16:19%) There is a significant association between location of FB with age (x2-19.95 and P-value <0.01).the clinical presentation (x2-18.6 and P-value <0.01) type of FB (x2-19.48 and P-value <0.01).and complications due to FB (x2-6.45 and P-value <0.01).