Prevalence and treatment outcome of adhesive small Bowel obstruction in jimma university medical center From january1, 2021 –December 31, 2021, jimma, south-west Ethiopia

Abstract

BACKGROUD: Intra-abdominal adhesions after abdominal surgery are a significant unsolved issue. They are the most common cause of intestinal blockage in the small intestine. Clinical assessment, water-soluble contrast follow-up, and computed tomography scans are used to make the diagnosis. There is good evidence to support non-operative therapy for individuals with no indications of strangulation, peritonitis, or significant intestinal damage. In cases of suspected strangulation or after failed conservative management, open surgery is the preferred option for surgical treatment of sticky small intestinal obstruction. The primary contemporary notions of adhesion prevention are "good" surgical technique and anti-adhesive barriers. Because there are few studies in our country and in the study area, this study will aid in establishing an understanding of the prevalence and treatment outcome of adhesive small bowel obstruction at JUMC, as well as benefit future researchers as a reference and guide for those who have undergone similar studies. Objective: To assess prevalence and treatment outcome of adhesive small bowel obstruction admitted to the JUMC from January 1 to December 31, 2021. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted at JUMC on all patients with the diagnosis of adhesive small bowel obstruction from January 1 to December 31, 2021. Data was collected by using structured questionnaire from the patients and their chart. Data was entered to SPSS updated version 26. Descriptive and analytic studies were performed. P value ≤ 0.05 with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to interpret the findings. Result: A Total of 117 patients were included in this study with male to female ratio of 2:1.The age ranges from 18 to 88, majority of patients were in their 3rd and 4th decade of life. The leading cause of small bowel obstruction was adhesion 52(44.5%) followed by small bowel volvulus 46(39.4%).Of Adhesive Small Bowel Obstruction, 69.6% were managed surgically and 30.4% were treated conservatively. Surgical site infections were the most common post-operative complications (7.7%) and mortality rates was 5.7%. Conclusion: Adhesion was found to be the most common cause of small bowel obstruction in surgical patients presenting JUMC. Most of patients with Adhesive Small Bowel Obstruction were surgically managed. Surgical site infection is the most common post-operative complications and mortality rate of 5.7%. All surgeons and residents operating abdomen and pelvic should try to minimize known risks of adhesions.