Assessment of Selected Renal and Liver Parameters, and Their Association among Preeclampsia Women Attending Madda Walabu University Goba Referral Hospital, South East Ethiopia

Abstract

Background: Preeclampsia is a serious pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure and damage to organs such as the liver and kidneys. The assessment of selective parameters of these organs is important to monitor the severity of preeclampsia and guide appropriate treatment. Objective: To assess selected renal and Liver parameters among preeclamptic women attending Madda Walabu University Goba Referral Hospital, South East Ethiopia from July 01 to September 30, 2022. Methods: An institutional-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted, on preeclamptic women attending ANC in a Goba Referral hospital from July 01 to September 30, 2022. A total of 210 pregnant women were recruited; a 1:2 preeclamptic-to-normotensive ratio was conveniently selected. The interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect socio demographic and clinical data. Blood and spot urine specimens were collected from the study subject, and serum was analyzed for urea, creatinine, AST, ALT, bilirubin, and total protein by fully automated (Cobas c 311 product of Roche Germany). Data analysis was done by using SPPS software (version 23.0). Finally, the result was analyzed by using independent T-test, chi-square, and bivariate and multivariate logistic regression, and presented by tables and charts. The level of statistical significance was set at a 95% confidence interval and those variables in which the P value is less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age of preeclamptic & non-preeclamptic were 26.20 ±5.06 & 25.93± 4.95 years respectively. The mean serum creatinine and urea were significantly higher among preeclamptic women compared to non-preeclamptic(p<0.05). The mean ALT, AST and total bilirubin levels were also significantly higher among preeclamptic women compared to normotensive women (p<0.05). The mean of total protein was decreased in preeclamptic than control group respectively (p<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the mean direct bilirubin levels(p>0.05). Factors like a history of hypertension and blood pressure have significant associations with ALT and serum creatinine test results. Abnormal tests result for preeclamptic were creatinine (8.5%), urea (69.9%), AST (42.8%), and Total protein (52.8%) based on the reference range. Conclusion and Recommendation: This study emphasizes how crucial it is for preeclamptic women attending ANC to routinely monitor their liver and renal function parameters. Preventing preeclampsia complications and improving maternal and fetal outcomes can be achieved through early detection and management of impaired renal and liver function. Healthcare providers should be aware of the importance of these assessments and incorporate them into routine ANC care for women at risk of preeclampsia.